LCA study of photovoltaic systems based on different technologies

This work deals with the application of a Life Cycle Assessment approach for evaluating the environmental and energy impacts ascribed to the production of photovoltaic (PV) cells of first and second generations. PV technologies based on silicon and CuInSe₂ (CIS) thin films were taken into account herein. PV systems prepared with amorphous silicon (a-Si) showed a low environmental impact and short energy payback time when compared to those ones obtained using crystalline silicon (c-Si). PV technologies associated with mono-crystal (mono-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (multi-Si) showed large emissions of CO₂, nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds, particulates, and SO₂ into air per square meter of PV panel processed. In addition, these technologies displayed a significant fossil fuel demand, biological oxygen demand, and global warming potential, which make them eco-unfriendly. Ribbon silicon (ribbon-Si) and CIS thin films showed intermediate impact scores, but further improvements in their production chain are needed before these devices are commercially used. The technologies examined herein were categorized in first- and second-generation technologies in order to compare their environmental impact and conversion efficiency. Much attention was also paid to the development of third-generation PV cells with improved conversion efficiencies and lower environmental impacts.     

臭氧及联用技术在水处理中的应用

介绍国内外臭氧氧化法及其联用技术的最新进展及应用前景。     

首钢水钢100t转炉一次烟气新OG法除尘工程

首钢水钢二炼钢厂新建100 t转炉一次烟气除尘采用新OG法,针对此工程,介绍了新OG法工艺流程,分析了系统设计中的关键技术和调试、运行管理中值得注意的问题,并给出了系统设备的主要参数,可供参考。     

综采放顶煤工作面过地质构造时架前冒顶控制技术探讨

综采放顶煤工作面遇到地质构造时冒顶频繁,控顶困难,严重影响采煤工作面的安全生产和经济效益。通过对工作面架前冒顶原因进行深入分析及对工作面遇地质构造时架前冒顶防治进行不断探索,在技术和管理上形成了一整套切实可行的管理方法,在遇地质构造期间,通过采用有效手段便可保证综放支架安全通过地质构造。以伯方煤矿二盘区3207工作面工程实际为例,运用具体技术和管理措施,使工作面安全通过地质构造断层。该方法可为类似构造煤层的安全开采提供参考。     

资源整合矿区水害探测及防治技术可行性研究

为了研究资源整合后矿区水害探测及防治技术,从山西省矿区设置问题入手,借鉴国内外同类研究进展情况,提出了本文研究对象—一个具有相对独立补给、径流、排泄条件的水文地质单元内所有矿区,提出了六项需要解决的关键技术问题即:引进煤层底板突水预测预报的新方法 -"脆弱性指数法";建立底板突水评价的脆弱性指数模型;煤层顶板突水灾害预测预报的新方法—三图双预测法;采掘前方断层小构造预测预报技术方法;矿井涌(突)水水源快速判别及预测预报;整合后矿区采空区探测问题,并针对以上问题论证了其可行性,提出新的研究思路和新的技术方法。     

治理滇池草海水环境的成套技术

草海是滇池的一部分,大量污水排入使草海水体污染日益严重,水体已达重富营养化水平,生态平衡遭受严重破坏,水功能基本丧失。为了保护滇池,必须彻底根治草海,对草海的根治拟采取如下综合成套技术:①改造城市排水系统;②对重点工业废水中的有毒有害污染物进行治理;③城市面源治理;④草海底泥疏挖;⑤污染物现场清除技术;⑥大型水生植物恢复技术;⑦水资源的合理调整。制定了草海及滇池治理的三期规划,实施总投资约３０亿人民币。      

强化我国引进环境保护技术宏观调控的探讨

１０年来,我国引进环境保护技术近万项,总金额近千亿元。如何充分发挥引进环境保护技术的作用,推动我国环境科学技术的进步,必须对我国引进环境保护技术进行宏观调控,本文对建立和完善我国引进环境保护技术运行机制等进行了探讨。     

A systematic review of snake translocations to identify potential tactics for reducing postrelease effects

Advancements in the field of reintroduction biology are needed, but understanding of how to effectively conduct translocations, particularly with snakes, is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of snake translocation studies to identify potential tactics for reducing postrelease effects. We included studies on intentional, human-mediated, wild–wild, or captive–wild translocations to any location, regardless of motive or number of snakes translocated. Only studies that presented results for at least 1 of 4 outcomes (movement behavior, site fidelity, survival, or population establishment) were included. We systematically searched 4 databases for published studies and used 5 methods to search the gray literature. Our search and screening criteria yielded 121 data sources, representing 130 translocation cases. We quantified the association between 15 translocation tactics and short-term translocation outcomes by calculating odds ratios and used forest plots to display results. Snake translocations involved 47 species (from mainly 2 families), and most were motivated by research, were monitored for at least 6 months, occurred in North America, and took place from the 1990s onward. The odds of a positive snake translocation outcome were highest with release of captive reared or juvenile snakes, release of social groups together, delayed release, provision of environmental enrichment or social housing before release, or minimization of distance translocated. The odds of a positive outcome were lowest when snakes were released early in their active season. Our results do not demonstrate causation, but outcomes of snake translocation were associated with 8 tactics (4 of which were strongly correlated). In addition to targeted comparative studies, we recommend practitioners consider the possible influence of these tactics when planning snake translocations.     

动电技术去除城市污泥中重金属的可行性探讨

本文简要介绍了我国城市污泥的处理处置和利用现状及动电技术去除重金属的基本原理,分析动电技术处理土壤中重金属的国内外的试验研究和应用情况,对动电技术处理城市污泥中重金属的可行性进行探讨,认为动电技术去除城市污泥中的重金属具有可行性,并提出了今后研究的方向.     

Comparison of the energetic performance of a binary cycle and a flash evaporation binary cycle,using low-enthalpy geothermal energy

In this article, the comparison of the energetic performance of a binary cycle and a modified binary cycle with flash evaporation is presented, both using a low-enthalpy geothermal resource. The comparative analysis is based on two main discourses: the first one evaluates a conventional binary cycle (CBC) with isopentane as working fluid in order to validate and compare the generated data with those reported in similar studies; the second one uses the same input parameters for both cycles, obtaining the cases in which the modified binary cycle is the most viable choice to use. In addition to the above, several aspects are considered when selecting the most suitable working fluid, and the use of water as working fluid is introduced. When the temperature of the geothermal resource is below 140 °C, and the ambient temperature is 25 °C, the flash evaporation binary cycle, using water as working fluid, shows an improved performance compared to a CBC, with a theoretical output over 1000 kWe. This may encourage new areas of opportunity for power generation, not only with low- and medium-enthalpy geothermal energy, but also with other renewable energy sources such as solar.