重复再生混凝土性能和环境影响研究

基于生命周期评价方法,考虑混凝土重复再生利用的环境影响分配,对重复再生混凝土的性能和环境影响进行研究,并基于功效系数法优化出混凝土最佳重复再生次数.研究结果表明,再生混凝土的坍落度,强度和电通量随着重复再生循环次数的增加而下降,经3次重复再生后,混凝土28d立方体抗压强度为33.3MPa,满足设计要求,而坍落度和电通量与普通混凝土相比,分别减小和增大了38.9%和85.7%;混凝土材料的生态效率随着混凝土重复再生次数的增加而提高,混凝土材料的GWP、CED和CMR的值均随着混凝土重复再生次数的增加而降低,降低幅度从高到低依次为：CMR > GWP > CED;综合考虑混凝土的坍落度,混凝土抗压强度、电通量、GWP、CED和CMR等6个指标,4种混凝土配合比情景中,混凝土总功效系数从高到低依次为：一次再生混凝土 > 二次再生混凝土 > 三次再生混凝土 > 普通混凝土.     

透水混凝土铺装各层对径流污染物的削减试验研究

通过使用人工模拟降雨装置和路面装置,试验研究了径流污染物在透水混凝土路面各结构层的去除情况。结果表明,透水混凝土面层和多孔隙水泥稳定基层对污染物的去除率分别为30%~50%、15%~30%,而级配碎石基层对污染物的去除率不足10%。据分析主要原因为透水混凝土面层和多孔隙水泥稳定基层为多孔介质,并含有水泥,由于水泥自身特性,污染物通过截留过滤、物理和化学吸附以及生物作用被去除。通过阐明各结构层除污的情况为透水混凝土的应用提供了理论依据。     

Valuable utilisation of spray dryer ash and its performance in structural concrete

This paper focuses on the valuable utilisation of spray dryer ash (SDA) and investigates its performance in concrete for structural applications. Based on the challenges associated with the disposal of coal combustion products (including SDA) and the economic costs linked to cement production, this research seeks to provide an environmentally friendly and more cost-effective concrete product by utilising SDA in partial replacement of cement in concrete. With the exception of a relatively high-sulphur content, SDA exhibits very useful properties that are closely related to Class C fly ash and Portland cement.

Experimental tests were carried out to determine the effect of SDA replacement of Portland cement (ranging from 0 to 50% replacement) on the compressive strength, bond strength, freeze-thaw performance and corrosion resistance of concrete. The addition of SDA in non-air entrained concrete provided a general increase in its strength with optimal limits ranging between 25 and 35% replacement. The addition of SDA produced a negligible effect on the freeze-thaw durability of the concrete (air entrained). Results for corrosion performance were not as definitive, but indicate that the use of SDA does not significantly change the likelihood of reinforcing bar corrosion.     

一种新型的裂缝计

通常光测法、摄像法、裂缝显微镜法仅能测量已有旧裂缝的宽度,超声波法和冲击弹性波法仅能测量裂缝的深度,声发射、传感器法和光纤传感网络法可测量正在发生的裂缝。当对于已有裂缝在荷载作用下的动态变化目前还没有一种行之有效的测量方法。为此利用双悬臂梁和应变原理研制成功一种新型裂缝计,可准确测量结构、构件表面已有裂缝在荷载作用下裂缝开合大小或表面动态应变。该仪器具有抗振动干扰的特点,即被测点的振动不产生电量输出,仅在被测裂缝开合或混凝土表面产生应变时才有输出。该裂缝计已获得国家专利。该裂缝计已在哈尔滨、佳木斯等几个桥梁的裂缝检测中得到应用,获得理想的效果,得到铁道部好评。论文介绍了裂缝计的结构原理和技术性能。     

Study on recycled asphalt concrete for use in surface course in airport pavement

This research investigated the possibility of using recycled asphalt concrete as surface course in airport pavement. The basic properties of recycled asphalt binder after short- and long-term aging were firstly tested and compared with those of the virgin asphalt. Then, a series of laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the performance of recycled asphalt concrete (containing 40% and 70% RAP), in which the HMA mixture without RAP was used as a control. Furthermore, an experimental pavement consisting of three sections (corresponding to 0%, 40% and 70% RAP content) was constructed to verify the laboratory test results. These results indicated that the recycled asphalt could achieve the similar properties against long-term aging as virgin asphalt. Recycled asphalt concrete containing 40% RAP could be used as surface course in airport pavement as it exhibited similar performance as control mixture both from the laboratory and experimental pavement test results. On the contrary, recycled asphalt concrete containing 70% RAP was not recommended as its fatigue property was much poorer compared with that of virgin asphalt mixture.     

再生粗骨料混凝土柱耐火性能试验与理论分析

为研究再生粗骨料混凝土柱的耐火性能,进行了1个足尺的再生粗骨料混凝土柱和足尺的1个普通混凝土柱在竖向恒定荷载和温度场耦合作用下的耐火性能试验研究,2个试件的混凝土设计强度均为C30,2个柱采用相同的轴压比施加竖向荷载。在试验研究基础上,比较分析了2个试件的耐火极限以及各个测点的温度变化、侧向挠度、轴向变形和破坏过程;用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件截面温度场进行了模拟分析,测点温度增量模拟结果与实测温度增量符合较好。研究表明:相同初始轴压比条件下,混凝土强度接近的再生粗骨料混凝土柱比普通混凝土柱升温速度慢,具有相对较好的隔热性能;再生粗骨料混凝土柱比普通混凝土柱的抗爆裂性能好,耐火极限长;因再生粗骨料混凝土柱比普通混凝土柱的孔隙率相对较高,在高温作用下其内部蒸汽应力可得到一定释放,由此引起的柱子轴向压缩变形相应也较大;一定条件下的再生粗骨料混凝土柱可用于建筑工程。     

脱硫灰用作钙质材料制备蒸压加气混凝土砖块

为实现半干法脱硫灰的资源化利用,采用半干法脱硫灰作为蒸压加气混凝土砖块中的钙质材料。对脱硫灰进行预处理,使其在含水量20%条件下消化2 h后,烘干。在其他条件不变情况下,掺入经过预处理后的脱硫灰,砖块的抗压强度会有明显的提高。增加经过预处理后的脱硫灰的掺入量,可以在不影响砖块的抗压强度性能的基础之上,降低砖块的干燥收缩值和导热系数,同时提高砖块的抗冻性能和保温隔热性能。     

新型抗腐蚀防渗漏环保工程防护溶胶

介绍了一种新型抗腐蚀耐老化防渗漏混凝土环保工程防护溶胶（简称防护溶胶）的工作原理、特征及功效，通过与传统防渗漏材料的对比，指出防护溶胶能有效提高混凝土结构的耐久性。     

废铸砂作为建筑材料资源化再利用研究进展

废铸砂是铸造工业在金属制品的生产过程中次生出来的一种细颗粒固体废弃物。研究其作为一种资源进行合理再利用是当前处置废铸砂、保护生态环境的良好对策。本文对废铸砂的环境特征、物理性质及废铸砂作为建筑材料在多种建筑制品及工程中的资源化再利用进行了综述研究，涉及的再利用领域包括混凝土、热拌沥青混合料、低强度填料、水泥、路基、路堤、阻水帷幕（屏障）和衬垫。调查发现，次生于黑色金属（铁和钢）铸造生产线的废铸砂是一种无害固体废弃物，正确处置和科学利用，对环境不会产生二次污染，在以上建筑制品及工程中的应用能满足相关技术、性能要求，可以替代相关的材料进行资源化再利用。     

Compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration and carbonation of recycled aggregate concrete with varying amount of fly ash and fine recycled aggregate

Construction and demolition waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade, and social and environmental concerns on the recycling have consequently been increased. Recent technology has greatly improved the recycling process for waste concrete. This study investigates the fundamental characteristics of concrete using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for its application to structural concrete members. The specimens used 100% coarse RCA, various replacement levels of natural aggregate with fine RCA, and several levels of fly ash addition. Compressive strength of mortar and concrete which used RCA gradually decreased as the amount of the recycled materials increased. Regardless of curing conditions and fly ash addition, the 28 days strength of the recycled aggregate concrete was greater than the design strength, 40 MPa, with a complete replacement of coarse aggregate and a replacement level of natural fine aggregate by fine RCA up to 60%. The recycled aggregate concrete achieved sufficient resistance to the chloride ion penetration. The measured carbonation depth did not indicate a clear relationship to the fine RCA replacement ratio but the recycled aggregate concrete could also attain adequate carbonation resistance. Based on the results from the experimental investigations, it is believed that the recycled aggregate concrete can be successfully applied to structural concrete members.