污染底泥修复治理技术研究进展

综述了疏浚、覆盖、化学处理和生物处理等底泥修复治理技术的研究进展,并指出该研究领域尚需解决的技术难题。     

MACROPHYTE COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN A DREDGED WISCONSIN LAKE1

ABSTRACT This paper describes the change in the macrophyte community caused by dredging a small Wisconsin lake. In water depths up to 1.5 m, revegetation was rapid after dredging. The plant community changed from one dominated by large-leafed Potamogeton (pondweed), Megalodonta beckii (water marigold), and Elodea canadensis (waterweed) to one dominated by Chara (stonewort), Najas flexilis (naiad), and Myriophyllum (milfoil). Plant growth ended at the 4 m depth and growth recovered much more slowly in water depths between 1.5 and 4 m. The area between 1.5 m and 2.5 m in particular supported a monotypic milfoil stand after dredging.     

疏浚对湖泛的影响:以太湖八房港和闾江口水域为例

通过采集太湖八房港和闾江口疏浚后与未疏浚沉积物柱状样于室内模拟“湖泛”的发生与消退过程来研究底泥疏浚对藻源性“湖泛”形成和消退的影响.结果发现,疏浚能有效的延缓“湖泛”发生的时间,八房港和闾江口疏浚后沉积物柱状样水体色度均要低于未疏浚对照样,水体泛黑的时间也分别比未疏浚对照样延迟6d和2d.疏浚沉积物对上覆水柱中营养盐的含量也有较好的控制,试验过程中八房港和闾江口疏浚后沉积物柱状样水体中 NH4+-N的含量仅分别未疏浚对照组的40%和77.1%,PO43--P的含量也仅分别为未疏浚对照组的41.4%和78.1%.值得注意的是,疏浚沉积物所对应的水柱中Fe2+和S2-的含量均要高于未疏浚对照组.八房港和闾江口疏浚沉积物中亚铁的含量分别是未疏浚对照样的78.1%和76.4%,而闾江口疏浚后沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)的含量则是未疏浚对照的1.36倍.沉积物中铁、AVS的含量没有表现出明显的垂向分布特征.     

疏浚对大连湾生物可利用磷的水体浓度和沉积物-水界面交换通量的影响

利用FeO/CAM复合膜对大连湾已疏浚区与疏浚影响区海水水体中生物可利用磷(Bio-available phosphorus,BAP)浓度和水质指标进行调查,并通过实验室培养法、间隙水浓度梯度估算法和薄膜扩散梯度技术(Diffusivegradients in thin films technique,DGT)法分别测定沉积物-水界面间BAP交换通量.结果表明,由于受到调查海区附近正在进行的疏浚工程的影响,疏浚影响区水体中浊度和悬浮物含量平均值高于已疏浚区,且疏浚影响区水体中BAP的平均浓度(22.2μg L-1)高于已疏浚水体(19.5μg L-1);而疏浚影响区叶绿素a和溶解氧的浓度明显低于已疏浚区.沉积物-水界面间BAP交换通量研究结果显示,BAP主要由沉积物向上覆水中扩散,沉积物是BAP交换的源;间隙水浓度梯度估算法和DGT法测定的BAP交换通量相似,但远低于实验室培养法测定值;BAP在已疏浚区沉积物-水界面间的交换通量小于疏浚影响区,说明在一定时间内疏浚可以减弱沉积物内源磷的释放.     

环保疏浚余水处理试验研究

环保疏浚是治理重污染水体的重要手段,在疏浚过程中产生了大量富含污染物的余水,对余水的处理成为环保疏浚二次污染防治的重要内容之一.通过室内模拟试验和生产性试验,进行了不同投药方式的对比,并筛选、复配了适合余水处理的絮凝剂.试验结果表明,输泥管投加絮凝剂和堆场出水投加絮凝剂都可以保证余水达标排放,堆场出水投加絮凝剂容易控制出水水质,且投加絮凝剂的费用为输泥管投加絮凝剂费用的1/10,但需在堆场外设置混凝沉淀设施.对不同絮凝剂的絮凝效果比较发现,复配絮凝剂的效果较好,余水处理的成本低,剩余ρ(SS)小.      

开沟主动排水对环保疏浚堆场底泥干化的影响

针对无锡太湖五里湖地区降雨量较大,环保疏浚堆场底泥粘性强,渗透系数小,自然干化过程缓慢的特性,采用从局部到整体,由浅入深,分期分阶段,表面渐进开沟主动排水的方法,并对开沟后不同情况下堆场干化过程进行研究,分析不同沟渠系统对堆场底泥干化的影响.结果表明,表面渐进开沟主动排水能够有效地排出堆场内部积水及降雨.通过比较开沟间距为5,10,20和40 m的表面底泥干化效果发现,在堆场表面下20cm处,开沟间距越小,底泥干化效果越好;在50 cm深处,因为检测深度和沟底平面相近,底泥干化效果不是很明显.通过经济性分析比较可以得出,开沟间距为20～40 m干化效果较好,每m3原状土的施工费用为0.36元,工程费用较低.      

ZOOPLANKTON AND DREDGING: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES FROM A CRITICAL REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: Studies on the responses of zooplankton to dredging are summarized and discussed. Design criteria for studies intended for impact assessment require careful consideration of sampling due to the highly variable spatial and temporal distributions of zooplankton. It is suggested that ocean dominated systems present different research requirements than those estuarine regions which have endemic zooplankton populations.     

Control Criteria and Activities in Dumping Management in Italy

In Italy, two different types of wastes can be dumped in the seas: industrial wastes and dredged material. There are no cases of sludges from urban treatment plants being discharged into the sea.

The sea dumping of harbour dredging sludges is a long standing practice, while the disposal of industrial wastes dates back to 1965.

Two specific laws regulate these two activities, although they do not establish quality standards for the receiving sea environment. Careful evaluation must be made, case by case, of possible effects of discharge with regard to physico-chemical characteristics of materials, to general oceanological characteristics of the dumpsite and to the uses to which such a dumpsite is designated.

The analysis of different cases of industrial waste dumping, carried out at the pre-operational level and during discharge, revealed some potential for negative long-term effects on the sea environment. This, as well as the increasing public sensitivity to environmental problems, led the management agencies in Italy to take several measures aimed to stop all forms of sea dumping of industrial wastes and to revise the general criteria in issuing permits for the discharge of dredged material.     

Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China： A year long simulation study

An experiment for studying the effects of sediment dredging on denitrification in sediments was carried out through a one-year incubation of undredged (control) and dredged cores in laboratory. Dredging the upper 30 cm of sediment can significantly affect physico-chemical characteristics of sediments. Less degradation of organic matter in the dredged sediments was found during the experiment. Denitrification rates in the sediments were estimated by the acetylene blockage technique, and ranged from 21.6 to 102.7 nmol N2/(g dry weight (dw)·hr) for the undredged sediment and from 6.9 to 26.9 nmol N2/(g dw·hr) for dredged sediments. The denitrification rates in the undredged sediments were markedly higher (p0.05) than those in the dredged sediments throughout the incubation, with the exception of February 2006. The importance of various environmental factors on denitrification was assessed, which indicated that denitrification was regulated by temperature. Nitrate was probably the key factor limiting denitrification in both undredged and dredged sediments. Organic carbon played some role in determining the denitrification rates in the dredged sediments, but not in the undredged sediments. Sediment dredging influenced the mineralization of organic matter and denitrification in the sediment; and therefore changed the pattern of inherent cycling of nitrogen.     

佛山水道底泥环保疏浚研究

介绍了佛山水道概况、水体功能及水污染现状,对底泥污染物释放影响佛山水道水质的机理进行了分析,在此基础上提出了底泥环保疏浚方案并进行了比选.