土壤含水层处理出水的回用健康风险评价

通过土壤柱实验,研究了土壤含水层处理工艺对污水处理厂二级处理出水的处理效果。初步讨论了土壤含水层处理工艺对各种污染物的去除机理,并评价了不同回用途径再生水对人体的健康风险。研究结果表明:土壤含水层处理工艺能够有效去除二级处理出水中的有机物和重金属离子,对大肠菌和粪大肠菌的去除率大于99.9%。健康风险评价结果显示:再生水的健康风险主要来自致癌物质,终生致癌风险在10-6数量级,而非致癌物质的健康危害风险在10-9数量级。     

电池生产含铅废水处理技术研究

研究针对电池生产废水含铅、含氟、含磷、高酸性的特点,采用物化加生化的混凝气浮-化学反应-曝气生物滤池的处理工艺,去除废水中的氟、铅及部分磷酸盐,同时充分吸收、吸附污水中的污染物,达到降解有机污染物、减少污水中BOD5、COD的含量,从而达到良好的处理效果,最终达标排放。     

Acute effects of chlorpyryphos-ethyl and secondary treated effluents on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in Carcinus maenas

The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (Dursban(r)) and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent (STIUE) exposure on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities in hepatopancreas and gills of Mediterranean crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. After 2 d of exposure to chlorpyriphos-ethyl, the AChE activity was inhibited in both organs at concentrations of 3.12 and 7.82 μg/L, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only at higher concentration 7.82 μg/L of commercial preparation Dursban(r). The exposure of crabs to Dursban(r) (3.12 μg/L) showed a significant decrement of AChE activity at 24 and 48 h, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only after 24 h and no inhibition for both enzymes was observed after 72 h. Moreover, a significant repression of AChE activity was observed in both organs of C. maenas exposed to 5% of STIUE. Our experiments indicated that the measurement of AChE activity in gills and hepatopancreas of C. meanas would be useful biomarker of organophosphorous (OP) and of neurotoxic effects of STIUE in Tunisia.     

组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中有机物的去除特征研究

采用物理分级和三维荧光光谱法,研究了组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中不同形态有机物的去除特征.结果表明,组合人工湿地对污水处理厂尾水具有较好的深度处理效果,出水水质基本可以达到国家地表水环境质量标准(GB38382-2002)Ⅲ或Ⅳ类水标准.组合人工湿地处理系统对尾水中CODCr和BOD5总体去除率分别达到35.2%和44.3%,对尾水中总有机碳(TOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)的平均去除率分别为46.9%、45.9%、48.3%.组合人工湿地系统不同单元对尾水中有机物的去除贡献率存在差异,其中,潜流湿地单元对尾水中CODCr和BOD5及其不同组分有机碳的去除效率较高.试验期间,由于藻类滋生,表流湿地单元出水中有机物含量波动较大,去除效果明显降低,藻类被打捞后,出水水质明显改善.三维荧光光谱分析结果显示,各个处理单元取样点的水样三维荧光光谱均出现4个明显的荧光峰.人工湿地各单元出水溶解性有机质(DOM)中,类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质含量较高,类富里酸物质含量较低.人工湿地对类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质有较强的去除作用.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary effluent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater effluent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill effluent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization ( 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill effluent.     

膜生物反应器出水深度处理及回用技术

针对膜生物反应器对难生化降解物质去除率不高,出水中仍残留部分污染物,对水安全和回用造成一定影响这一不足,综述了膜生物反应器出水深度处理及回用技术,并指出了今后的发展方向.     

原生颗粒污泥单级自养脱氮工艺处理污泥压滤液的研究

在长期运行的处理污泥压滤液的气提亚硝化反应器中发现了单级自养脱氮反应,并形成了具有自养脱氮性能的原生颗粒污泥.以原生颗粒污泥启动并运行了单级自养脱氮反应器,对污泥压滤液进行脱氮处理取得了良好效果.进水总氮浓度为350 mg.L-1左右时,总氮平均去除率为74.81%,最高达86.92%,总氮平均去除负荷(以N计,下同)为0.68 kg.(m3.d)-1,最高达0.90 kg.(m3.d)-1.投加粉末活性炭后单级自养脱氮反应得到强化,运行稳定性得到提高.进水基质浓度、氮负荷及曝气量对自养脱氮反应影响较大.污泥压滤液中的有机物、pH值和碱度对单级自养脱氮反应影响较小.曝气量/ΔTN、曝气量/ΔNH4+-N及ΔALK/ΔTN比值可作为单级自养脱氮反应重要的运行指标.     

不同组成木质陶瓷对去除城市生活污水二级出水中有机物及氮磷的研究

以小麦秸秆、凹凸棒石、针铁矿为原料,以酚醛树脂为黏结剂,通过复合、热压、烧结等工艺过程制备出不同成分的木质陶瓷,并利用该系列木质陶瓷对城市二级出水中的有机物及氮磷进行吸附实验研究。结果表明,900℃下的木质陶瓷[m(麦秸)∶m(凹凸棒石)∶m(针铁矿)=1∶1∶1]COD及NH_3-N的吸附效果最佳,2 h可达吸附平衡,投加量为8 g/L时COD去除率达66.48%,投加量为6 g/L时氨氮去除率为69.72%,且酸性条件不利于COD的吸附,NH_3-N的最佳吸附p H范围是2~11。800℃下的木质陶瓷[(麦秸)∶m(凹凸棒石)∶m(针铁矿)=1∶2∶0]P的吸附效果最佳,15 min可达吸附平衡,投加量为6 g/L时总P去除率可达99.69%,p H值、转速、温度对吸附磷影响不大。     

超滤法处理回用印钞厂擦版液的研究

根据擦版液的特性,选择了适合处理擦版液的单皮层内压式中空纤维超滤膜,对超滤过程中的操作压力、料液温度、料液流速和固含量等工艺参数以及清洗药品和方法进行了研究。结果表明,当进口压力为0.17MPa,膜面流速在2,7m/s左右,循环液温度在40℃左右时,透水速度可达到50—60L(m.h)。操作过程中,只用透过液作简单清洗即可使透水速度得到较好的恢复。只有当透水速度衰减严重时,才在70℃条件下进行化学清洗,而且可以使透水速度得到较为彻底的恢复。化学清洗周期至少在1星期以上。