长江三角洲地下水开采的负环境效应及其防治

长江三角洲位于以上海为中心的经济发达区,是我国经济实力最强、产业规模最大的地区.但是,随着经济的高速发展和人口的高度集中,也进一步加剧了对地下水的需求,使三角洲大部分地区普遍出现地下水位大幅下降,从而引起各种环境负效应,如地面沉降、地裂缝、地面塌陷、海水入侵和水质污染等,严重影响了长江三角洲经济可持续发展和人民群众生活质量的提高.本文对长江三角洲因地下水强烈开采而出现的一系列环境地质灾害进行了总结和讨论,并初步提出了有关防治对策和建议.     

低频通信系统天线近场辐射危害研究

目的 为低频通信系统电磁辐射危害控制方法提供数据支撑。方法 基于IEEE-Std-C95.1—2005、GJB 5313A—2017以及GB 8702—2014，通过试验详细地获取不同功率和频率条件下低频通信系统天线近场综合场强值，并将工作区域划分为危险区、短时活动区和安全工作区。结果 以甚低频菱形天线为中心，40 m半径范围内为危险区，其峰值场强高于70 V/m，40~70 m半径范围内为短时活动区，70 m半径外为安全工作区。结论 甚低频天线近场电磁辐射危害试验验证和区域划分，为低频通信系统电磁辐射危害有效控制提供技术支撑。     

建筑物火险综合评价初探

论述了火险综合评价的要点及建筑物火险综合评价应考虑的回素，提出了建筑物火险综合评价体系。     

Some experiences in hazard identification and risk shortlisting

‘Rapid ranking’ has been used for many years as a method of determining the priority which should be given to formal investigation of the wide range of hazards and risks present on major process industry sites. Such methods tend to evolve to meet the needs of specific applications. Some historical and recent applications are outlined, and the nature of the developments which they led to are discussed. Particular topics discussed include: development of the method such that it is usable by operating managers rather than specialists; use to raise risk consciousness; adaptation for use as an aid to hazard identification; use to define both which risks should be studied and which risks, even if low, should be incorporated in routine monitoring and periodic auditing programmes; use as a basis for comparison of the relative risks presented by a variety of different industrial installations; use for a range of different types of risk; and extension beyond ranking to include ‘shortlisting’ i.e. deciding which risks to include in a study programme and which to leave out. Philosophical difficulties with the approach are discussed, including the danger of omitting from detailed study a risk which is erroneously shown as low, and the uncertainty of the absolute level of the ranked risks. Approaches to minimizing these problems are discussed.     

铁路轨道施工工艺及职业病危害因素分析

调查铁路轨道施工工艺及施工过程中职业病危害因素,对铁路轨道施工现场进行职业卫生学调查及工作场所职业病危害因素检测。结果表明,铁路轨道施工现场部分岗位接触的矽尘/其他粉尘、水泥粉尘、电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物、手传振动和噪声是职业病主要危害因素,建议加强铁路轨道施工作业个体防护。     

中国海岸地带面临的重大环境变化与灾害及其防御对策

中国海岸地带面向２１世纪的持续发展,面临着相对海面加速上升和热带气旋、风暴潮与低洼地洪涝不断加剧以及海岸环境急剧恶化等一系列重大环境变化与灾害问题。本文着重分析相对海面上升、热带气旋、风暴潮与洪水灾害以及海岸环境污染的特征、演变趋势及防御对策。     

Municipal hazard mitigation planning: a comparison of plans in British Columbia and the United States

This paper examines the extent to which 20 municipalities in the Greater Vancouver region of British Columbia have included provisions in their community plans for reducing natural hazard risk and vulnerability. Findings show that the plans are generally lacking in hazard related factual information, goals, and policies, and in mechanisms to promote plan implementation. The plans also do not compare favorably to municipal hazard mitigation plans in the United States. The authors provide recommendations for provincial/state and municipal governments with respect to improving the quality of municipal plans and their capacity to enhance public safety.     

威远县地质灾害发育规律及成因分析

威远县地质灾害活动频繁,崩塌和滑坡等地质灾害分布广泛。通过对威远县地质灾害分布特征的研究发现,研究区地质灾害点多,但其分布具有一定的区域性,主要分布在低山区。针对这一特性,以威远构造特征为背景,结合区域地质灾害调查资料,分析地质灾害发育的影响,得出背斜构造不仅为地质灾害的发生提供构造条件,而且控制着研究区内的地貌格局,地层岩性是决定地质灾害发育的物质基础。通过本次研究将进一步了解该区地质灾害发育规律及形成原因,对该区地质灾害防治工作提供理论指导。     

Small enterprises and major hazards: How to develop an appropriate safety management system

Many small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are obliged to adopt a Safety Managements System (SMS) by the Directive 2012/18/EU for the control of Major Accident Hazards (Seveso III). The difficulties of implementing an SMS within a small sized work organization are well known by practitioners, including inspectors and auditors and have been discussed in many recent papers. In the present paper is discussed a new method, based on the bowtie model, to build an easy and effective SMS. The very core of this method is a “safety net model”, which is able to connect in a network all the tangible and intangible elements of safety, including equipment, operating instructions, procedures and safety documents. This safety model has been used as the core of a smart application, the strength of which is the workers' contribution. The application allows the users to build step by step an SMS. It starts from a first version based just on regulations and standard codes (version 0), then it integrates internal knowledge through the bowtie paradigm (version 1). Near misses' discussion is used to transfer actual workers' experience into the system, to get intermediate improvement of the SMS (version 1.x). At the end audit may be used to a major release of the SMS (version 2). The full cycle has been tested at two small Seveso establishments: a galvanic plant and small glue manufacturer.     

作业场所职业危害监管信息系统基础数据结构标准化需求分析

通过对作业场所职业危害监管信息系统及其基础数据结构标准化需求的分析与研究,发现要建立及时有效、高度共享、全国统一的职业危害监管信息系统,主要存在着不同信息系统间存在信息孤岛和不同地区不同职业危害监管部门之间数据结构及基础报表等不统一的问题。通过对基础数据元的标准化,采用基于数据元的数据共享模式,来解决信息孤岛问题,提高资源利用率;通过对职业危害监管信息系统数据库物理结构和基础报表的标准化来统一不同地区不同监管部门间的职业危害监管信息系统;此外,基础数据元和数据库物理结构的标准化为其他系统提供标准接口。笔者还提出基础数据元、职业危害监管信息系统数据库物理结构和基础报表的标准化方法。