Preparation and evaluation of aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 for copper removal from aqueous solution

A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH₂-Mn-SBA- 15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganeseloaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu²⁺ adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N₂ adsorption/ desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15. The orderedmesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained aftermodification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu²⁺ on NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu²⁺ was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu²⁺ by NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu²⁺. The NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic（Ⅴ） adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe_2O_3 and AL_2O_3.The test results indicate that chloride,nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects,and that selenium(Ⅳ)(Se(Ⅳ))and vanadium(Ⅴ)(V(Ⅴ)) showed slight effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3.The results also showed that adsorption of As(Ⅴ)on AL_2O_3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions,but slightly by Se(Ⅳ)and V(Ⅴ)ions.Unlike the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3,that with Fe_2O_3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions.Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.Compared to the other tested anions,phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.In general,Fe_2O_3 has a better performance than Al_2O_3 in removal of As(Ⅴ)within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

黄棕壤铁铝氧化物与土壤稳定性有机碳和氮的关系

用6%NaOCl氧化不同粒级的黄棕壤,得到稳定性有机碳和氮的样品.用选择性溶提技术提取铁铝氧化物的含量,与稳定性有机碳和氮的关系表明:在2～250μm粒级上,游离铁、无定形铁和络合态铁含量的变化范围分别为6～60.8g/kg、0.13～4.8g·kg-1和0.03～0.47g·kg-1,在2μm粒级上分别为43.1～170g·kg-1、5.9～14.0g·kg-1和0.28～0.78g·kg-1.在2μm粒级上,无定形铝和络合态铝含量变化范围分别为0.08～1.34g/kg和0.11～0.47g/kg,在2μm粒级上分别为2.96～6.20g·kg-1和0.38～0.78g·kg-1.水稻土黄棕壤的选择性溶提铁的含量一般高于旱地黄棕壤,而选择性溶提铝的含量低于旱地黄棕壤.在2～250μm粒级上,土壤稳定性有机碳和有机氮含量变幅分别为0.93～6.0g·kg-1和0.05～0.36g·kg-1,在2μm粒级上分别为6.05～19.3g·kg-1和0.61～2.1g·kg-1,水稻土的稳定性有机碳和氮的含量高于旱地黄棕壤.在2～250μm粒级上,稳定性有机碳与有机氮比值(C稳/N稳)的变幅为9.50～22.0,在2μm粒级上分别为7.43～11.54.在2～250μm粒级上,土壤有机碳(氮)的稳定性指数SIC和SIN的变化分别为14.3～50.0和11.9～55.6,在2μm粒级上分别为53.72～88.80和40.64～70.0;旱地黄棕壤的SIC和SIN一般低于水稻土的,水稻土黄棕壤有利于有机碳和氮的保存.各种形态的铁铝氧化物含量与稳定性有机碳(氮)含量呈极显著正相关,且氧化物铁铝含量和稳定性有机碳(氮)含量在黏粒部分最高,即细粒级能保护土壤有机碳(氮).     

过渡金属氧化物催化氧化NO实验研究

采用沉淀法制备出一系列过渡金属氧化物催化剂,在内径为10 mm的固定床反应器中考察其对低浓度NO的催化氧化活性,催化反应活性顺序为:MnCrCoCuFeZn,并考察了以锰为活性组分采用低温固相法、流变相法和浸渍法制备的催化剂催化氧化NO的活性。实验结果表明,采用流变相法和低温固相法制备的锰氧化物催化剂,在反应温度150℃,NO浓度为5×10-4,O2为3%,N2为平衡气,空速51 000 h-1条件下,NO转化率分别为65%和57%;采用浸渍法制备的Mn/TiO2-10%催化剂,在反应温度200℃,空速相同的条件下,NO转化率为47%。     

小型燃油锅炉NOx的排放特征与管理控制

以68台燃油锅炉（≤10.5 MW）NO_x排放实测数据为基础，通过统计分析方法，研究了NO_x的排放特征；通过对比分析，探讨了我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放控制与管理现状，讨论了进一步加强我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放管理控制的可能性与可行性，并提出了相应的管理控制建议。结果表明，NO_x平均排放浓度为318.2 mg/m³，     

Predicting molybdenum toxicity to higher plants: Influence of soil properties

The effect of soil properties on the toxicity of molybdenum (Mo) to four plant species was investigated. Soil organic carbon or ammonium-oxalate extractable Fe oxides were found to be the best predictors of the 50% effective dose (ED₅₀) of Mo in different soils, explaining > 65% of the variance in ED₅₀ for four species except for ryegrass (26-38%). Molybdenum concentrations in soil solution and consequently plant uptake were increased when soil pH was artificially raised because sorption of Mo to amorphous oxides is greatly reduced at high pH. The addition of sulphate significantly decreased Mo uptake by oilseed rape. For risk assessment, we suggest that Mo toxicity values for plants should be normalised using soil amorphous iron oxide concentrations.     

火电厂氮氧化物控制标准、政策分析及研究

制订污染物的排放标准及控制政策是治理环境污染的主要措施之一，世界各国针对火电厂氮氧化物（NOx）排放量分别制订了适合各国国情的控制政策及排放标准。通过对美国、欧盟及日本等世界主要发达国家及地区火电厂氮氧化物排放控制对策的分析，提出了对我国火电厂氮氧化物排放控制政策的建议。     

13种花卉植物受硫氧化物混合气体污染的伤害症状及其抗性表现

通过熏气的方法，比较了在硫氧化物混合污染气体的作用下，木本花卉（月季Rosa chinensis，杜鹃Rhododendron simsii，一品红Euphorbia pulcherrima，茉莉花Jasminum sambac），一、二年生花卉（一串红Salvia splendens，凤仙花Impatiens balsamina），宿根花卉（君子兰Clivia miniata），室内观叶植物（文竹Asparagus setacens，吊兰Chlorophytum comosum，沿阶草Ophiopogon bodinieri，朱蕉Cordyline fruticosa，吊竹梅Zebrina pendula，白斑万年青Dieffenbachia bowmannii）中13种花卉植物的叶片伤害症状及植物抗性表现，并对植物受害后的恢复情况进行了追踪观察。发现在同种污染气体的作用下，不同种类的植物表现出不同的伤害症状。植株不同叶龄的叶片对污染气体的敏感性存在一定的差异，幼龄叶不一定比中老龄叶敏感性强。当污染浓度不超过一定阈值时，花卉植物都有不同程度的恢复能力。利用“花卉植物叶片伤害评价系统”对试验植物叶片伤害症状进行了评价，依据评价结果，对试验植物进行了抗性分级。为保证对植物抗性等级划分的准确性，建议制定统一的熏气浓度标准和评价标准。     

Co-contamination of arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater of unconsolidated aquifers under reducing environments

The co-contamination of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F⁻) in shallow aquifers is frequently observed worldwide, and the correlations between those contaminants are different according to the redox conditions. This study geochemically explores the reasons for the co-contamination and for the redox-dependent correlations by investigating the groundwater of an alluvial aquifer in Korea. Geochemical signatures of the groundwater in the study area show that the As concentrations are enriched by the reductive dissolution of Fe-(hydr)oxides, and the correlations between As and F⁻ concentrations are poor comparatively to those observed in the oxidizing aquifers. However, F⁻ concentrations are strongly dependent on pH. Desorption/adsorption experiments using raw soils and citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite treated soils indicated that Fe-(hydr)oxides are the important As and F⁻ hosts causing the co-contamination phenomenon. The weaker correlation between F⁻ and As in reducing aquifers is likely to be associated with sulfate reduction, which removes As from groundwater without changing the F⁻ concentration.     

炼油设备高温H_2S腐蚀产物自燃倾向及影响因素

利用自制的硫化氧化反应装置,研究了Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe(OH)3高温H2S腐蚀产物的自热性质,并采用扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物的表面成分与形态.以Fe2O3腐蚀产物为例,研究了空气流量、环境温度及含水量对硫铁化合物自热性质的影响.结果表明,在环境温度40 ℃、空气流量300 mL/min条件下,3种腐蚀产物的自热性由强至弱顺序为Fe(OH)3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4;空气流量、环境温度的提高均会增强硫铁化合物的自热性;含水量低于10%会促进硫铁化合物的氧化反应,水质量分数达到60%氧化反应基本被抑制.