粒状煤和块状煤等温吸附CH4试验研

为探究不同尺寸煤样吸附瓦斯特性的差异,以漳村矿3#煤为研究对象,利用自主研制的多功能煤吸附/解吸瓦斯参数测定试验装置,开展粒状煤和块状煤的等温吸附试验,测定不同吸附压力下的吸附量和变形量。试验结果表明:在相同的吸附平衡压力下,吸附量随煤样粒径的增大而减小;粒状煤吸附瓦斯的能力大于块状煤,原因是粒状煤的有效比表面比块状煤大,增加的微孔吸附瓦斯使得煤吸附瓦斯量增加。块状煤的变形量随吸附平衡压力而增大,但增加量逐渐减小。经讨论分析可知:煤体吸附膨胀变形是煤基质吸附膨胀和气体压力压缩共同作用的结果;粒状煤测定的吸附常数应用到煤层数值模拟中会引起一定的误差。     

超细Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的制备及其催化甲烷燃烧性能研究

以共沉淀法制备Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ固溶体,在液相反应阶段、干燥阶段和灼烧阶段分别采取快速喷射和加入表面活性剂、正丁醇共沸蒸脱水以及选择适当灼烧温度等手段控制团聚体的生成,制得超细颗粒Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２固溶体。     

含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水生物处理技术

采用硫酸盐还原一硫化物生物氧化一产甲烷-接触氧化工艺处理青霉素废水,硫酸盐还原与有机物甲烷化分别在两个反应器中进行,有效地避免了硫酸盐还原菌对产甲烷菌的竞争抑制;利用无色硫细菌将硫酸盐还原产物一硫化物氧化成s,消除了硫化物对产甲烷菌的毒害作用研究结果表明,当系统进水COD为4500～5000mg/L,SO₄^2-浓度为1500－1600g/L时,系统出水中COD为310～348mg/L,COD平均去除率为93．2％,SO^2-平均去除率为91．2％     

大气甲烷碳同位素测试方法及其在雅克拉凝析气田上方大气中的应用

研制了一套与气体稳定同位素质谱仪联机在线分析大气甲烷碳同位素的制样技术,该方法具有精度较高(±0.4×10^-3)、用样量少(200mL)、耗时短(45min)和操作相对较为简便的优点.利用该系统对新疆塔里木盆地雅克拉凝析气田上方大气甲烷的碳同位素组成做了初步测试.结果表明,其大气甲烷碳同位素组成平均值为-45.0×10^-3,相对全球大气甲烷碳同位素平均值明显偏重1.2×10^-3～2.0×10^-3,显示了其甲烷主要来源为深部凝析气藏中的甲烷等气体的渗漏和扩散.并且由于白天日照强,温度高,气田渗漏和扩散到地表的甲烷部分被氧化,因此白天大气甲烷的浓度略低于夜晚,且¹³C_CH4较夜晚偏轻.     

家庭厨余垃圾分布式就地厌氧消化工艺及效果研究

针对厨余垃圾收运后集中处理模式的收集难、成本高的问题,设计了分布式就地厌氧消化工艺,用研制的设备进行半连续试验.运行80 d左右趋于稳定,稳定后的VS去除率高于60％;VS进料产气率、VS进料甲烷产率分别为0.444 m3/kg VS、0.245 m3/kg VS,VS去除产气率、VS去除甲烷产率分别为0.737 m3...     

西秦岭山地农村生活能源建设与退耕还林的生态经济效益评价

在西秦岭山地使用太阳灶和沼气。生态经济效益显著。1户1台1．5m^2太阳灶、1个80沼气池每年所得刭的热量等于773k标准煤。折合1353kg薪材。净收益为268元。一年内所替代的薪柴等于0．338hm^2有林地一年的生长量，可使0．042275m^2有林地免遭砍伐。农户从退耕还林中得到的收益为平均每年465元。与种植粮食比较，这些收益主要是不再种粮后所节省的生产成本。退耕还林以扩大林木增量为目标，应作为中长期的战略。稳步实施。使用太阳灶和沼气以保护林木存量为目标。是巩固退耕还林成效的有力措施和生态建设的必要手段。应加大投入和建设力度。     

农业生态系统和大气间的温室效应气体交换

农业生态系统是温室效应气体的一个重要的源和汇.主要的温室效应气体直接或者间接的与这个系统有关,自然植被的破坏和土地的农业利用,包括稻田种植面积的扩大和氮肥的大量使用既增加了二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等主要温室效应气体的释放,又减少了土壤对甲烷的吸收.本文还讨论了土壤过程与温室效应气体释放和吸收的关系以及影响上述过程的因素.     

Effect of the Carbohydrate Composition of feed Concentratates on Methane Emission from dairy Cows and Their Slurry

Dietary carbohydrate effects on methane emission from cows and their slurry were measured on an individual animal basis. Twelve dairy cows were fed three of six diets each (n = 6 per diet) of a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 1:1 (dry matter basis), and designed to cover the cows’ requirements. The forages consisted of maize and grass silage, and hay. Variations were exclusively accomplished in the concentrates which were either rich in lignified or non-lignified fiber, pectin, fructan, sugar or starch. To measure methane emission, cows were placed into open-circuit respiration chambers and slurry was stored for 14 weeks in 60-L barrels with slurry being intermittently connected to this system. The enteric and slurry organic matter digestibility and degradation was highest when offering Jerusalem artichoke tubers rich in fructan, while acid-detergent fiber digestibility and degradation were highest in cows and slurries with the soybean hulls diet rich in non-lignified fiber. Multiple regression analysis, based on nutrients either offered or digested, suggested that, when carbohydrate variation is done in concentrate, sugar enhances enteric methanogenesis. The methane emission from the slurry accounted for 16.0 to 21.9% of total system methane emission. Despite a high individual variation, the methane emission from the slurry showed a trend toward lower values, when the dietwas characterized by lignified fiber, a diet where enteric methane release also had been lowest. The study disproved the assumption that a lower enteric methanogenesis, associated with a higher excretion of fiber, will inevitably lead to compensatory increases in methane emission during slurry storage.     

Characteristics of coal mine ventilation air flows

Coal mine methane (CMM) is not only a greenhouse gas but also a wasted energy resource if not utilised. Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive methane emissions, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related methane is emitted to the atmosphere through mine ventilation air. Therefore, research and development on mine methane mitigation and utilisation now focuses on methane emitted from underground coal mines, in particular ventilation air methane (VAM) capture and utilisation. To date, most work has focused on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified based on their combustion kinetic mechanisms into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation. VAM mitigation/utilisation technologies are generally divided into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. However, it is possible that the characteristics of ventilation air flows, for example the variations in methane concentration and the presence of certain compounds, which have not been reported so far, could make some potential VAM mitigation and utilisation technologies unfeasible if they cannot cope with the characteristics of mine site ventilation air flows. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows. Moreover, dust, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other possible compounds emitted through mine ventilation air into the atmosphere are also pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents mine-site experimental results on the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows, including methane concentration and its variations, dust loadings, particle size, mineral matter of the dust, and other compounds in the ventilation air flows. The paper also discusses possible correlations between ventilation air characteristics and underground mining activities.     

德国的污泥利用和处置（Ⅰ）

文章论述了德国的污泥利用和处置情况,首先概述了德国的废物立法及其发展。然后比较了欧共体和德国污泥农用法规中的基本要点。随着分析了过去几十年德国的污泥产星的发展和组成,这和比较了德国汛泥和利用和处置的工艺。