昆明红壤环境下酸沉降对二种树木生长的影响

将昆明红壤人工酸化后进行树木生长实验。发现昆明红壤的酸缓冲能力非常大。在 12 0meqH /Lsoil的酸添加处理区也没有发现树木生长的显著下降。根据实际情况判断 ,认为没有必要继续加大酸添加强度进行实验     

水体酸化对藻类影响的初步研究

通过综合生态模拟(微宇宙)试验和藻类生物测试,研究了水体酸化对藻类的影响,结果表明,水体酸化对藻类有明显的抑制作用。48h-EC50和96h-EC50(对斜生栅藻)分别为pH4.45和4.65,当pH≥5.5时,藻类的光合作用对酸度具有很强的缓冲能力。当pH<5.0时,缓冲能力较弱。低pH对淡水生态系统的阈值处在5.0—5.5间,pH5.5可推荐为水体酸化标准。研究了两个小型酸化水体(pH4.7)中的藻类群落特征。     

H2O2湿式氧化处理含酸性红B染料模拟废水的研究

用H2 O2 作氧化剂 ,在连续式的压力反应器内探索了WPO(过氧化氢湿式氧化法 )、CWPO(催化过氧化氢湿式氧化法 )氧化降解含酸性红B染料模拟废水的过程 ,分别考察温度、压力、氧化剂量及催化剂对反应过程与对象污染物降解的影响规律 .结果表明 ,与常规湿式氧化法相比 ,WPO能在较低的温度和压力下降解结构稳定的有机物 ,在 2 2 0℃、8min、0 1MPa时 ,含1 5 0 0mg·L-1 酸性红B染料模拟废水的COD和色度的去除率分别达到 6 0 5 0 %和 96 80 % .同时发现 ,通过升温和增加过氧化氢的投加量不能够使废水COD和色度的去除率进一步提高 ,故引入Cu2 作催化剂来实现CWPO过程 ,在 2 2 0℃、8min、0 1MPa条件下 ,CWPO对同一废水的COD和色度的去除率分别达到 82 5 0 %和 99 71 % .通过计算得出CWPO与WPO相比基于COD的表观活化能降低了 6 5 93 % .     

鼓泡法对聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的评价

用鼓泡法对六种聚天冬氨酸 (Polyasparticacid ,PASP)的阻碳酸钙垢性能进行了评价 ,考察了pH值、阻垢剂用量、温度、恒温时间等对阻垢性能的影响。研究发现 ,阻垢率随着聚天冬用量的增加而增大 ,其用量在 1 0mg/L时 ,已能获得较好的阻垢效果。另外 ,与聚丙烯酸 (PAA)和聚马来酸 (HPMA)的比较发现 ,聚天冬在高温水系统中作长时间停留 ,仍对碳酸钙垢有较强的抑制作用     

液相中MnO2催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸

研究了β-MnO2,γ-MnO2和MnSO4产生的胶状MnO2在液相中催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸的催化性能。结果表明，液相中MnO2催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸的活性与体系的pH值有关，而与其物相无关．在本实验条件下，三种MnO2在pH=1．0时均显示了较好的催化臭氧化活性，而在pH=6．8和8．0时却无活性。实验结果还表明，催化剂催化分解臭氧活性的高低与其催化臭氧化降解有机物的活性并无直接关系。     

酸雨对水稻不同生育期叶片叶绿体ATP酶的影响

酸雨对植物生长发育具有显著影响。然而,不同生长阶段植物对逆境胁迫的响应存在差异。以模拟酸雨胁迫水稻(Oryza sativa)(孕穗期、灌浆期),利用植物生理生化方法测定了水稻叶肉细胞叶绿体Mg2+-ATPase活性及其基因表达量、光合磷酸化活性、ATP含量、植株相对生长速率(RGR)和叶片净光合速率(Pn),研究酸雨胁迫下孕穗期、灌浆期水稻叶绿体ATP酶的变化及其对植物光合作用影响的机理。结果表明,p H=4.5酸雨使孕穗期水稻RGR、Pn、叶片ATP质量比和光合磷酸化活性均显著提高,灌浆期上述指标变化不明显;p H=3.5和p H=2.5酸雨使上述指标均下降,且随酸雨p H值降低,变幅增加。p H=4.5酸雨使孕穗期、灌浆期水稻ATP合酶基因表达量及Mg2+-ATPase活性升高;p H=3.5和p H=2.5的酸雨使孕穗期、灌浆期水稻ATP酶基因表达量减少,造成Mg2+-ATPase活性降低,且随酸雨p H值降低变幅增加。可以认为,酸雨通过影响ATP酶转录水平,改变Mg2+-ATPase活性、光合磷酸化活性和叶片ATP质量比,进而影响Pn,并最终影响植物生长发育。酸雨胁迫对孕穗期水稻生长发育及光合作用有低促高抑的剂量效应,而低强度酸雨对灌浆期水稻影响不明显。与灌浆期相比,孕穗期对酸雨胁迫较敏感,表明植物不同生长发育阶段对酸雨胁迫响应存在差异,此发现应成为评价酸雨影响植物的一个因素。     

Comparison study and parameter identification of three battery models for an off-grid photovoltaic system

There is growing interest in solar batteries, especially for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Therefore, an accurate battery model is required for the PV system because of its influence on system efficiency. Several mathematical models of batteries have been described in the scientific literature. However, this paper reviews three electrochemical models most commonly used for PV systems, such as Shepherd, Manegon and Coppetti, in order to define the most appropriate model for PV systems. This paper discusses an application of the pattern search optimization technique to extract the parameters of three battery models derived from experimental test results obtained from sealed gelled lead acid batteries for both charge and discharge modes. A comparative case and regression analysis based on statistical tests and a quantitative method were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the updated model from the three aforementioned. The simulation results and tests performed on the battery charge and discharge modes lead us as well to approve the algorithm’s accuracy regarding the updated model.     

磷酸对八宝景天热解过程中As、Pb迁移转化的影响

本文利用管式炉在不同温度下对八宝景天进行直接热解和磷酸预处理热解,研究了As、Pb的迁移特性和形态分布.结果表明：生物炭中As的回收率随温度升高波动,Pb的回收率随温度升高先增大后减小,As、Pb的回收率均在500℃时达到最大,分别为66.2%和73.08%.添加8%磷酸后As、Pb回收率在一定温度范围内增加,并在300℃时达到最大值,分别为83.75%和92.78%.热解温度由300℃升到600℃时,生物炭中As的稳定形态（F4+F5）由不足20%增加到70%左右,Pb的最稳定形态（F5）由3%增加到32%.添加8%磷酸热解后,生物炭中As的稳定性小幅增加,500和600℃时F5分别增加20%和5%;Pb的稳定性显著增加,（F4+F5）均达到90%以上.磷酸添加量对重金属形态分布无明显影响.实验结果表明采用磷酸预处理用于修复植物热解可提高生物炭中重金属As、Pb的回收率及稳定性,并可降低其生态风险指数.     

某酸性矿山排水中溶解性有机物的特征分析

采集安徽某酸性矿山排水（AMD）水库不同离岸距离的表水层水样,结合傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）与三维荧光光谱（EEMs）技术对水样中溶解性有机物（DOM）来源和组分特征进行分析.三维荧光结果表明,样品中内源性色氨酸类荧光峰峰强与离岸距离正相关,且基于三维荧光特征指数（FI,HIX,BIX）分析判断DOM主要来自于内源.FT-ICR MS在分子层面进一步表明,内源性组分（脂类,脂肪族/蛋白类,糖类）在近岸点样品DOM所占比重相对较低（66%）.AMD中DOM的主要成分为CHO（40%~50%）、CHON（25%~30%）、CHOS （22%~36%）等化合物.DOM包含有高比例的CHOS化合物主要与AMD水体高浓度硫酸盐有关.     

Adsorption mechanisms of PFOA onto activated carbon anchored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds: A combination of experiment and model studies

When wood-based activated carbon was tailored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide (QAE) forming compounds (QAE-AC), this tailoring dramatically improved the carbon's effectiveness for removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from groundwater. With favorable tailoring, QAE-AC removed PFOA from groundwater for 118,000 bed volumes before half-breakthrough in rapid small scale column tests, while the influent PFOA concentration was 200 ng/L. The tailoring involved pre-dosing QAE at an array of proportions onto this carbon, and then monitoring bed life for PFOA removal. When pre-dosing with 1 mL QAE, this PFOA bed life reached an interim peak, whereas bed life was less following 3 mL QAE pre-dosing, then PFOA bed life exhibited a steady rise for yet subsequently higher QAE pre-dosing levels. Large-scale atomistic modelling was used herein to provide new insight into the mechanism of PFOA removal by QAE-AC. Based on experimental results and modelling, the authors perceived that the QAE's epoxide functionalities cross-linked with phenolics that were present along the activated carbon's graphene edge sites, in a manner that created mesopores within macroporous regions or created micropores within mesopores regions. Also, the QAE could react with hydroxyls outside of these pore, including the hydroxyls of both graphene edge sites and other QAE molecules. This latter reaction formed new pore-like structures that were external to the activated carbon grains. Adsorption of PFOA could occur via either charge balance between negatively charged PFOA with positively charged QAE, or by van der Waals forces between PFOA's fluoro-carbon tail and the graphene or QAE carbon surfaces.