液相中MnO2催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸

研究了β-MnO2,γ-MnO2和由MnSO4产生的胶状MnO2在液相中催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸的催化性能.结果表明,液相中MnO2催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸的活性与体系的pH值有关,而与其物相无关.在本实验条件下,三种MnO2在pH=1.0时均显示了较好的催化臭氧化活性,而在pH=6.8和8.0时却无活性.实验结果还表明,催化剂催化分解臭氧活性的高低与其催化臭氧化降解有机物的活性并无直接关系.     

溶液pH和吸附离子对水相中δ-MnO2氧化Cr(Ⅲ)的影响研究

实验室研究了溶解氧、介质pH及表面吸附离子(PO43–、Cd2 、Pb2 )种类等对人工合成的氧化锰(δ-MnO2)在水相中对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化作用。结果表明:当悬浮液中ρ(MnO2)/ρ(Cr)为10/1时,氧化锰对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化量达最大;pH值的升高降低Cr(Ⅵ)→Cr(Ⅲ)氧化还原电位以及增强Mn2 催化作用可以增强溶解氧对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化能力。溶液pH的提高导致Cr(Ⅲ)的水解程度增强而生成Cr(OH)3沉淀和吸附离子后氧化锰表面位点的减少,可以提高Cr(Ⅲ)稳定性。因此,土壤和沉积物δ-MnO2在水相中氧化Cr(Ⅲ)的能力与溶液化学性质密切相关,且在Pb污染下显著降低。     

催化臭氧氧化降解罗丹明B的初步研究

研究了过渡金属硝酸盐及Al2O3为载体担载催化剂在罗丹明B臭氧氧化过程中的催化作用,考察了温度、pH值以及催化剂浓度等因素对反应的影响.结果表明,过渡金属离子可显著地提高罗丹明B的脱色速率,而担载型过渡金属氧化物催化剂活性较低.较低的pH值和反应温度有利于罗丹明B的催化臭氧化.罗丹明B溶液经过催化臭氧氧化后COD去除率可提高24%.     

α-MnO2/水界面磺胺嘧啶的氧化降解动力学

通过反歧化法合成α-MnO2,并以α-MnO2为氧化剂,研究了不同锰氧化物剂量、不同磺胺嘧啶初始浓度和不同pH值下α-MnO2/水界面磺胺嘧啶的氧化降解动力学,并讨论了不同的反应条件对反应动力学的影响.结果表明,α-MnO2可以有效的氧化降解甚至矿化磺胺嘧啶,反应符合准一级反应动力学方程,在25 ℃,pH 4.6的反应条件下,反应120 min后,11.5 mmol·L-1的α-MnO2对0.02 mmol·L-1磺胺嘧啶去除率达到99.98%.α-MnO2剂量和磺胺嘧啶的初始浓度均与磺胺嘧啶氧化降解的动力学常数呈显著正相关关系,相关因子分别为0.67和0.18,相关系数R分别达到0.9961和0.9979;而磺胺嘧啶的降解动力学常数与体系的pH则呈显著负相关关系,相关因子为-0.25,相关系数R达到0.9975.初步探讨了锰氧化物氧化降解磺胺嘧啶机理.研究表明,土壤及沉积物中的锰氧化物可以有效促进其中残留抗生素类药物磺胺嘧啶的降解消除过程.     

污泥基活性炭表面官能团对其催化臭氧氧化活性的影响

对比考察了污泥基活性炭(SCAC)与3种商品活性炭表面官能团的种类、含量及其催化臭氧氧化去除对氯苯甲酸(p-CBA)效能的差异.同时采用(NH4)2S2O8和NaOH分别对SCAC表面进行酸、碱改性处理,探讨SCAC表面官能团对其催化臭氧氧化活性的影响.结果表明,SCAC表面酸性和碱性官能团含量均高于3种商品活性炭;SCAC和商品炭的加入对臭氧氧化去除p-CBA的效果均起到了促进作用,其中SCAC催化臭氧氧化效果最为明显.反应1.0 min时,p-CBA的去除率由单独臭氧氧化时的26.1%提高到60.2%.经(NH4)2S2O8和NaOH处理后,两种改性SCAC对p-CBA的催化氧化去除效果差异明显,NaOH改性后的SCAC表面碱性官能团丰富,其催化臭氧氧化去除p-CBA的效果得到加强,而经过(NH4)2S2O8改性的SCAC催化效果则有所下降.活性炭催化臭氧氧化反应Rct值([·OH]/[O3])计算结果进一步证明,SCAC表面的碱性官能团是其催化臭氧反应的主要活性位点,可以促进臭氧分子向·OH的转化.     

铈负载SBA-15分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中环丙沙星

通过水热法合成纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15,并采用等体积浸渍法制备Ce负载SBA-15分子筛催化剂(Ce/SBA-15),将其应用于催化臭氧氧化环丙沙星(CIP).小角X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)表征结果表明,Ce/SBA-15保持了纯硅SBA-15有序的介孔结构.Ce/SBA-15催化臭氧氧化环丙沙星(CIP)结果显示,催化剂有良好的活性,对环丙沙星的矿化率为63.3%,比单独臭氧氧化高出22.9%;随着铈负载量增加,催化剂活性呈现先增大后减小趋势,负载量为2%时催化效果最佳;TOC去除率随着反应温度增加而提高;溶液初始pH对反应有显著的影响,pH=5.01时TOC去除率最大.以水杨酸作为羟基自由基(·OH)捕获剂,用比色法测定·OH产量为0.0072 mmol·L~(-1).溶液中投加1 mmol·L~(-1)磷酸根时,催化臭氧氧化中TOC去除率降低了25.8%,催化效果受到明显抑制,表明·OH的生成发生在Ce/SBA-15表面.     

催化臭氧氧化去除垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的研究

研究了Fe(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)作用下,均相催化臭氧氧化去除垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的腐殖质.分析催化剂用量、溶液pH值对腐殖质催化臭氧氧化降解的影响.结果表明,与单纯臭氧氧化比较,催化臭氧氧化对UV254和色度去除率无明显改善,但可明显提高以TOC和CODCr表征的有机物去除率;当投加催化剂过量时,以TOC和CODCr表征的有机物去除率虽降低,但仍有促进作用.但Fe2 的过量投加将明显抑制UV254和色度的去除效果.在碱性条件下,催化臭氧氧化法具有更好的去除效果.三种催化剂催化效果为Cu(Ⅱ)＞Mn(Ⅱ)＞Fe(Ⅱ).采用Cu(Ⅱ)催化臭氧氧化处理实际渗滤液生化处理出水,对CODCr,色度和UV254都显示出较好的去除效果.     

纳米TiO2混合晶体的制备及其光催化降解活性

以乙酸为水解抑制剂，采用sol-gel法制备纳米TiO2混合晶体催化剂，考察了抑制剂用量、煅烧温度、粒径等对催化性能的影响．结果表明，乙酸的用量影响催化剂的活性，当CH3COOH：Ti(OBu)4=0．8—1．0：1时效果较好；煅烧温度直接影响混合晶体的组成，580℃时锐钛矿／金红石=20．62，650℃时锐钛型／金红石=2．46，混合晶体具有较高的催化性能，粒径大小对TiO2的催化性能影响很大，粒子尺寸愈小，则比表面积愈大，电子．空穴愈难复合，有利于对活性艳红X-3B的降解．     

CuO和Cu(Ⅱ)催化臭氧氧化的研究

以乙二酸为实验对象,研究了CuO/Al_2O_3和Cu(II)对臭氧的催化作用实验结果表明,在低pH条件下,CuO/Al2O3有较强的催化臭氧氧化能力,可以将乙二酸的去除率提高约15%而在中性条件下,20g·l-1CuO/Al2O3的催化效果有限磷酸盐缓冲液可以强烈抑制臭氧氧化乙二酸以及CuO/Al2O3的催化作用与CuO/Al2O3相比,Cu(II)离子有更强的催化臭氧氧化乙二酸的能力     

光电催化结合氧化降解碱性品红的研究

用UV／TiO2悬浮液光催化氧化和间接电氧化相结合的方法降解碱性品红．考察了NaCl浓度、电流密度、pH值对光电催化结合降解碱性品红速率的影响．结果表明：光电催化结合比单一光催化降解效果有了明显的提高；NaCl浓度对光电催化结合的降解速率没有明显影响；提高电流密度可以增加光电催化结合的降解速率，但会减少单位电流密度下碱性品红的降解量；pH=9．00时，光电催化结合的降解速率最大．光电催化结合氧化降解160．0min后溶液脱色率达100％，COD去除率达75．5％．     

Catalytic activity of cerium-doped Ru/AlO during ozonation of dimethyl phthalate

In this paper, factors influencing the mineralization of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) during catalytic ozonation with a cerium-doped Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied. The catalytic contribution was calculated through the results of a comparison experiment. It showed that doping cerium significantly enhanced catalytic activity. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal over the doped catalyst at 100 min reached 75.1%, 61.3% using Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst and only 14.0% using ozone alone. Catalytic activity reached the maximum when 0.2% of ruthenium and 1.0% of cerium were simultaneously loaded onto Al₂O₃ support. Results of experiments on oxidation by ozone alone, adsorption of the catalyst, Ce ion’s and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation confirmed that the contribution of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was about 50%, which showed the obvious effect of Ru–Ce/Al₂O₃ on catalytic activity.     

Effect of preparation parameters on catalytic properties of Pt/graphite

Catalytic ozonation of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid was examined in the presence of graphite-supported platinum catalysts. The catalytic activity of graphite was significantly enhanced by loading platinum. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid was 3.0%, 47.6% and 99.3% for ozonation alone, graphite catalytic ozonation and Pt/graphite catalytic ozonation in 30 min under the experimental condition, respectively. The influence of support pretreatment, solvent, impregnation time, platinum loading amount and reduction temperature on the activity of Pt/graphite catalyst was investigated. The pretreatment of graphite support had no effect on activity improvement of Pt/graphite catalyst. Solvent and impregnation time also no great effect on the activity. Platinum loading amount and reduction temperature influenced the catalyst activity significantly. The optimal catalytic performance of Pt/graphite was obtained when 1.0% platinum loading and 623 K of reduction temperature was adopted. The Pt/graphite catalyst was used for five times with no significant decrease in its activity and more than 90% oxalic acid removal was obtained.     

Catalytic activity of cerium-doped Ru/Al2O3 during ozonation of dimethyl phthalate

In this paper, factors influencing the mineralization of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) during catalytic ozonation with a cerium-doped Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied. The catalytic contribution was calculated through the results of a comparison experiment. It showed that doping cerium significantly enhanced catalytic activity. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal over the doped catalyst at 100 min reached 75.1%, 61.3% using Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst and only 14.0% using ozone alone. Catalytic activity reached the maximum when 0.2% of ruthenium and 1.0% of cerium were simultaneously loaded onto Al₂O₃ support. Results of experiments on oxidation by ozone alone, adsorption of the catalyst, Ce ion’s and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation confirmed that the contribution of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was about 50%, which showed the obvious effect of Ru-Ce/Al₂O₃ on catalytic activity.     

腐植酸臭氧氧化和过氧化氢催化氧化处理特性比较

以TOC和UV254为指标,比较了不同条件下腐植酸的臭氧氧化和过氧化氢催化氧化效果,运用HPLC和热裂解-GC-MS分析考察了氧化前后有机物分子量分布和官能团构造的变化情况．研究结果表明：过氧化氢和臭氧单独作为氧化剂对水中TOC基本上没有去除作用,但均能导致水中UV254浓度的降低;在几种催化剂的作用下,过氧化氢对TOC和UV254的去除效果明显提高,其中以O3作为催化剂的效果最好,Fe^2＋次之,而Mn^2＋和Cu^2＋的催化效果较差;过氧化氢催化氧化和臭氧化均导致有机物分子量分布向小分子的方向转移,氧化后水中以羧酸、醇、胺、酯、醚、烷烃为代表的含氧基团和饱和构造基团明显增多;过氧化氢催化氧化和臭氧氧化均有助于改善混凝处理和活性炭吸附处理的效果．关键词腐植酸,臭氧,过氧化氢,催化氧化．     

Catalytic ozonation performance and surface property of supported Fe3O4 catalysts dispersions

Fe₃O₄ was supported on mesoporous Al₂O₃ or SiO₂ (50 wt.%) using an incipient wetness impregnation method, and Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ exhibited higher catalytic efficiency for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and para-chlorobenzoic acid aqueous solution with ozone. The effect and morphology of supported Fe₃O₄ on catalytic ozonation performance were investigated based on the characterization results of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst supports especially their Lewis acid sites had a significant influence on the catalytic activity. In comparison with SiO₂, more Lewis acid sites existed on the surface of Al₂O₃, resulting in higher catalytic ozonation activity. During the reaction process, no significant Fe ions release was observed. Moreover, Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ exhibited stable structure and activity after successive cyclic experiments. The results indicated that the catalyst is a promising ozonation catalyst with magnetic separation in drinking water treatment.     

难生物降解的呋吗唑酮模拟废水臭氧氧化的降解机理

采用臭氧氧化法对模拟废水中难生物降解的呋吗唑酮 (FTD)进行降解实验研究 ,藉助UV VIS ,IR ,1 H NMR谱图对反应机理进行了初步探讨 .研究表明 ,pH值显著影响臭氧氧化的反应机理 :酸性条件下 ,臭氧以自身氧化为主 ,可迅速破坏FTD分子的共轭结构 ,但氧化不彻底 ;只有在强碱性条件下且保持臭氧氧化始终以·OH自由基反应为主时 ,方能高效地对FTD分子及中间体进行取代、开环、破坏和氧化 ,生成二氧化碳、水、无机氮及少量残余甲醛、草酸和低级脂肪酸 ,持续反应可完全矿化 .     

二氧化锰体系中环丙沙星的氧化转化研究

为了更全面的了解环丙沙星在自然界中的环境化学行为,采用批处理实验方法研究了环丙沙星在二氧化锰作用下的氧化转化过程,并讨论了溶液的pH对反应的影响。结果表明,在无二氧化锰的条件下,环丙沙星的质量浓度在1周内检测没有明显的变化。在二氧化锰存在的条件下,环丙沙星对二氧化锰的氧化作用具有较强的反应感受性。pH一定的条件下,当环丙沙星相对过量时,环丙沙星去除率随自身质量浓度的增大而减小,随二氧化锰质量浓度的增大而增大。此外,随着溶液pH值由3.5升至5.9时,环丙沙星的去除率显著上升。     

Catalytic ozonation of organic compounds in water over the catalyst of RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2

This research investigates the performances of RuO₂/ZrO₂-CeO₂ in catalytic ozonation for water treatment. The results show that RuO₂/ZrO₂-CeO₂ was active for the catalytic ozonation of oxalic acid and possessed higher stability than RuO₂/Al₂O₃ and Ru/AC. In the catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), RuO₂/ZrO₂-CeO₂ did not enhance the DMP degradation rate but significantly improved the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate. The TOC removal in catalytic ozonation was 56% more than that in noncatalytic ozonation. However this does not mean the catalyst was very active because the contribution of catalysis to the overall TOC removal was only 30%. The adsorption of the intermediates on RuO₂/ZrO₂-CeO₂ played an important role on the overall TOC removal while the adsorption of DMP on it was negligible. This adsorption difference was due to their different ozonation rates. In the catalytic ozonation of disinfection byproduct precursors with RuO₂/ZrO₂-CeO₂, the reductions of the haloacetic acid and trihalomethane formation potentials (HAAFPs and THMFPs) for the natural water samples were 38%–57% and 50%–64%, respectively. The catalyst significantly promoted the reduction of HAAFPs but insignificantly improved the reduction of THMFPs as ozone reacts fast with the THMs precursors. These results illustrate the good promise of RuO₂/ZrO₂-CeO₂ in catalytic ozonation for water treatment.     

二氧化锰体系中环丙沙星的氧化转化研究

为了更全面的了解环丙沙星在自然界中的环境化学行为,采用批处理实验方法研究了环丙沙星在二氧化锰作用下的氧化转化过程,并讨论了溶液的pH对反应的影响。结果表明,在无二氧化锰的条件下,环丙沙星的质量浓度在1周内检测没有明显的变化。在二氧化锰存在的条件下,环丙沙星对二氧化锰的氧化作用具有较强的反应感受性。pH一定的条件下,当环丙沙星相对过量时,环丙沙星去除率随自身质量浓度的增大而减小,随二氧化锰质量浓度的增大而增大。此外,随着溶液pH值由3.5升至5.9时,环丙沙星的去除率显著上升。