排污许可证制度在环境管理中发挥重要作用

围绕我国近年来排放大气污染物许可证制度试点工作的实践经验,阐述了排污许可证制度在环境管理中的重要作用,提出了2000年前,在我国大气环境管理中推行排污许可证制度的设想,进而说明试点上作的实践,为将排污许可证制度纳入新修订的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》中,提供了宝贵的经验。      

"十四五"固定污染源排污许可证管理制度改革研究

"十三五"时期我国基本建立了覆盖所有固定污染源的企业排放许可制度,需要通过进一步深化改革完善以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度体系.本文研究提出了"十四五"时期排污许可制度改革的思路和重点,认为要强化与现有固定源环境管理制度的统筹衔接,建立基于"改善环境质量"的许可限值响应机制,完善排污许可信息共享平台,严格排污许可证后监管,夯实法律基础保障.     

利用污染源普查大数据指导推进排污许可证核发工作

面对2019年我市排污许可证核发行业多,时间紧,质量要求高但企业基础信息缺乏的突出矛盾,利用污染源普查数据平台强大的数据筛查汇总功能,在初步确定我市核发企业名单、核定企业管理类型及明确核发关注点方面进行了大胆有益的尝试,为我市排污许可证核精准核发提供了技术支持。同时提出了污染源普查数据在排污总量许可方面的指导意义及不足。     

Multiple pollutant discharge permit markets,a challenge for wastewater treatment plants

This study focuses on the challenge of using a multiple pollutant transferable discharge permit market for operating wastewater treatment plants. It uses an analytical case of Sefidrud River in Iran with two checkpoints. It shows that the operating limitations for simultaneous biochemical oxidation demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal may convert the economically optimal waste load allocation (WLA) to a framework with lack of incentives. Therefore, water quality trading (WQT) may lose its economical advantages. In this case, a third parameter, such as dissolved oxygen is recommended as an index for assigning market interactions. In spite of economical and practical success, this approach made WLA become a more complicated and uncertain policy. It was totally concluded that using single parameter WQT is only recommended for areas with small agricultural activities or lakes. Otherwise, the integrated discharged permit and reclaimed water market is proposed instead for simultaneous BOD and TN management.     

完善排污权有偿使用和交易政策的探讨

中国开展排污权有偿使用和交易试点以来,经过各试点地区的积极探索取得了实质性进展,环境容量的资源意识不断得到提升,部分地区已经初步建立了排污指标有偿使用和交易机制.由于此项工作尚处于起步和探索阶段,仍存在政策和法律滞后、与其他政策关联不足、试点范围局限等问题.提出从完善立法、加强政策关联、注重政策公平以及扩大试点范围等推...     

基于“美丽海湾”建设的“三线一单”编制实践--以儋州市环新英湾地区为例

编制“三线一单”(生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和生态环境准入清单)是深入打好污染防治攻坚战的基础。以儋州市为研究对象,衔接“美丽海湾”建设需求,从“三水”(水环境、水生态、水资源)协同角度提出解决儋州市重点海湾环新英湾地区突出生态环境问题的生态分区管控方案,重点讨论了基于陆海统筹原则的环新英湾地区“三线一单”编制重点和特色,提出了针对性的生态环境保护的对策建议,探索了一套符合沿海地区特色的生态环境要素分区管控方案编制方法,为其他沿海城市“三线一单”划定提供借鉴。     

SURFACE WATER WITHDRAWAL ALLOCATION AND TRADING SYSTEMS FOR TRADITIONALLY RIPARLAN AREAS1

ABSTRACT: There is a growing need for water regulations in states traditionally managed by the riparian doctrine. Several states have passed water laws to control withdrawals from streams. Few, if any, however, have set up consistent and defensible methods for allocating water to users. This paper explores several methods for such allocations, examining each in detail and offering numerical examples that compare each on the basis of economic efficiency and effectiveness for maintaining critical stream‐flow standards. This work is part of a study to assess the vulnerability of Midwestern streams to climate change and, especially, surface supplied irrigation spawned by such climate change. The results suggest that it is possible to implement regulations that at once (1) are consistent with the riparian doctrine; (2) control the hydrological and ecological impacts of off stream withdrawals effectively; and (3) preserve the primary economic functions of those withdrawals, including minimizing economic risk. The results further suggest that trading of water permits improves the latter two objectives, but only if both the regulatory system and permit are well‐designed. On the other hand, in the absence of regulations, or under poorly designed regulations, streamflows, and therefore aquatic ecosystems, could be quite vulnerable.     

基于总量控制的中国点源环境管理体系构建

近年来,随着总量控制、排污许可证、排污权有偿使用和交易等政策的逐步推进,中国的点源环境管理体系已经初具雏形。对中国的点源环境管理体系构建开展了研究,认为其制度定位应当是对点源全过程进行管理,并明确了构建点源环境管理体系需要解决责任归属与监管重点两大问题。点源环境管理体系以总量控制为抓手,其核心是排污指标与实际排放量两套数据的核定,而这两套数据则成为串联总量控制、排污许可证、排污权有偿使用和交易等相关环境管理政策的重要线索。此外,要构建点源环境管理体系,还需要综合的环境管理平台、一证式环境管理要求以及专业的第三方技术团队。     

“绿色贸易堡垒”与经济发展的“绿色通行证”

“绿色贸易堡垒”是国际贸易中非关税贸易堡垒重要的组成部分，它从保护环境的目的出发，在国际贸易中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章通过对天津市现实状况的研究，提出克服绿色贸易堡垒，为天津市经济在入世后获得“绿色通行证”的对策建议。     

核技术利用辐射安全监管法律法规解读

随着核技术日益广泛的利用，我国放射性同位素和射线装置技术的应用发展迅速，它在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也带来了辐射危害，安全隐患突出，安全监管任务重。本文就与核技术利用辐射安全监管有关的问题进行法律法规解读，以提高辐射安全监管依法行政能力。