一株反硝化细菌的分离鉴定及脱氮能力

本研究从水产养殖环境中分离出39株反硝化细菌，并从中筛选出具有较强反硝化能力的菌株DB-33，对其脱氮能力测定的结果表明，在培养基中亚硝酸盐氮浓度高达54．16mg／L，硝酸盐氮浓度高达306．91mg／L时，DB-33菌株对其去除率均达99％以上，且在去除过程中氨氮不累积；在模拟养殖水体中，DB-33可将亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮分别在24h和第3天彻底去除，对氨氮48h的去除率也可达51．52％。通过形态学特性和生理生化分析以及16SrDNA基因序列分析，菌株DB-33初步鉴定为施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonasstutzeri）。     

甲醛降解细菌的分离鉴定和降解效果测定

从某化工厂污水处理系统的活性污泥中分离纯化得到一株能降解甲醛的革兰氏阳性菌，对其进行形态及生理生化特性测定，提取并纯化其基因组DNA，通过PCR扩增菌株的16S rDNA，测序结果表明，该菌株和苏云金芽孢杆菌的同源性为100%。在含1.2 μL/mL的甲醛的培养基上培养该菌36 h后，甲醛降解去除率达到72％以上。     

污泥干化芦苇床中芦苇内生菌群多样性研究

以污泥干化芦苇床中芦苇内生菌的多样性作为主要研究对象,结合16S rDNA高通量测序技术与PCR-DGGE技术,对污泥干化芦苇床和天然湿地中污泥菌群及芦苇内生菌群多样性进行了比较分析。结果表明,污泥干化芦苇床芦苇内生菌的细菌类群包含了20门、30纲、73目、152科、467属、1 167种细菌。其中变形菌门(65.6%)和拟杆菌门(25.5%)占绝对优势,γ-变形菌纲是丰度最高的纲,占总数的43.4%;排前20位的优势菌种相对百分比之和为46.5%,分属于所对应的18个属、12科、10目、6纲、3门。DGGE分析表明,污泥干化芦苇床中的污泥和芦苇内生菌优势菌群的种类与天然湿地相比差异显著;同时由于污泥的影响,芦苇内生菌群种类也发生了较为明显的变化。     

Uptake of copper ion by activated sludge and its bacterial community variation analyzed by 16S rDNA

The effect and uptake of copper ion on SBR(sequence batch reactor)biological treatment system was studied.special nutrient and powder activated carbon(PAC)additive were tested as uptake stimulation technique.Results showed that copper ion had higher effect on unacclimated activated sludge system than on acelimated one.The special nutrient adding could enhance the uptake of copper significantly,while PAC adding could improve the sludge settling and decrease the turbidity of effluent.The variation of bacterial community analyzed by 16S rDNA method showed the acclimation of copper could increase copper resistance species,and excess accumulation could cause some species diminish.It was confirmed that acclimation could improve the resistance and uptake ability of microorganism to heavy metal.     

1,2,4-三氯苯降解菌的分离及其降解质粒的研究

 以1,2,4-三氯苯为唯一碳源,从天津化工厂氯苯生产车间的土壤中分离到1株1,2,4-三氯苯的降解菌THSL-1.通过形态观察和16SrDNA序列测定,该菌株被初步鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonasstutzeri).经质粒检测,在菌株THSL-1中发现1条质粒条带,将所获得质粒转化到E.coli.JM109中,转化子能以1,2,4-三氯苯为唯一碳源生长,且对1,2,4-三氯苯有降解作用.因此,可以认为该质粒携带降解1,2,4-三氯苯的基因.选用HindIII、BamHI、XholI3种限制性内切酶分别对质粒pTHSL-1进行单酶切、双酶切,最终确定质粒平均大小为40.2kb.     

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

Biohydrometallurgy is a novel method to recycle discarded batteries, in which sewage sludge is used as microorganisms and culture due to the presence of indigenous Thiobacilli. A two-step continuous flow leaching system consisting of an acidifying reactor and a leaching reactor was introduced to achieve the bioleaching of spent nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The acid supernatant produced in the acidifying reactor by the microorganisms with ferrous ions as the substrate was conducted into the leaching reactor to dissolve electrode materials. The efficiency of a batch treatment of batteries was examined. The results showed that the complete dissolution of two AA-sized Ni-Cd batteries with 0.6 L/d acid supernatant took about 30, 20, and 35 days for Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively. But the dissolution ability of the three metals was different. Cd and Co can be leached mostly for pH below 4.0 while the complete dissolution of Ni can be achieved for pH below 2.5. Meanwhile, a strain (named Thiooxidans. WL) accounting for the reduction of pH in the acidified sludge was isolated and sequenced. It was identified to be 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Tf-49 based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The relevant phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that the strain should be classified into genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

产二羰基醛酮还原酶的1株嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌研究

用含甲基乙二醛的LB培养基平板筛选到1株能代谢甲基乙二醛的细菌,通过对克隆到的16S rDNA基因序列比对及生理生化实验,将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,命名为Stenotrophomonas maltophilia YL.破碎该菌细胞后提取粗酶,以甲基乙二醛作反应底物,在还原性辅酶Ⅰ存在条件下,紫外光谱和HPLC的分析表明,该菌能代谢甲基乙二醛;并对其产酶条件进行了研究.紫外分光光度法测得酶活力表明,该菌有较强的醛酮还原酶活力;并对温度和pH值对酶活力的影响作了分析.图5表1参17     

多环芳烃降解菌ZL5分离鉴定及其降解质粒

通过选择性富集培养，从辽河油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌ZL5．它能以菲和芘为唯一碳源生长，但是不能利用萘．16S rDNA核苷酸序列分析结果表明，ZL5属于变形细菌α亚类中的鞘氨醇单胞菌属．该菌株含有一个大小约为60kb的质粒．丝裂霉素C消除实验表明，随着质粒的丢失，菌株利用菲和芘的能力也丧失．用电转化和氯化铷转化法分别将菌株ZL5的质粒导人大肠杆菌JM109和DH5α中，随着质粒的获得，这些转化子获得了降解菲和芘的能力．本研究结果表明，鞘氨醇单胞菌ZL5降解PAHs的功能和质粒有关。     

一株降解除草剂膦化麦黄桐(PPT)菌的筛选与鉴定

从喷洒有除草剂的土壤中分离到一株能分解膦化麦黄桐(PPT)的细菌.该菌在以PPT为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,能利用PPT的最高浓度为2. 7g/L.采用常规生理生化鉴定方法,并结合16SrDNA序列分析法对该菌进行鉴定.结果表明,该菌与生癌肠杆菌(Enterobactercancerogenus)序列相似性为99. 3%,在细菌分类学上属于肠杆菌.将它命名为Enterobactersp. PPT. 图4表2参7     

疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌Thermomyces lanuginosus YNUCC4154耐碱热稳定木聚糖酶的特性及其产生菌的系统发育分析

从云南洱源县热泉中分离到一株产木聚糖酶嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus YNUCC4154．对其28S rDNA的5‘端约900bp的片段进行了扩增和测序，并与GenBank中最相似的12个分类单位进行了比较，邻近接合法构建的系统发育树显示T.lanuginosus YNUCC4154与几个产木聚糖酶的嗜热真菌关系较近．在30L全自动发酵罐中55℃发酵50h后，木聚糖酶酶活达1032 U mL^-1．该木聚糖酶最适反应温度为73℃，最适pH为6，5，在10-67℃和pH3～12时比较稳定，表明这是一种热稳定耐碱木聚糖酶，在造纸工业中具有良好的应用前景．图7表1参24