城市废弃工矿区土地再利用研究

加快城市废弃工矿区土地再利用,已成为发展矿区循环经济、提高城市土地利用效率有效途径之一。在对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用的相关概念界定的基础上．对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用理论和技术进行了综述,并提出存在的问题及建议。     

基于三维石墨烯去除水体中四环素

三维石墨烯具有较大的比表面积和独特的空间孔结构,为捕获抗生素提供大量的活性位点,能够促进抗生素在多孔网络结构的运输。本研究采用化学还原自组装方法制备了有序多孔结构的三维石墨烯(3DG),并将其应用于去除水体中的四环素(TC)。研究结果显示,TC在3DG的吸附过程同时符合伪二级动力学和Langmuir方程。在最佳吸附pH=6时,3DG对TC最大饱和吸附量达到322.58 mg·g^-1,并具备良好的再生性能,经过5次吸附-解吸重复试验后,3DG对水体中TC的去除率仍可达68%。因此,3DG是一种在环境分析领域具有良好应用前景的吸附材料。     

金属络合剂在烟气同时脱硫脱硝中的应用

液相络合法是烟气同时脱硫脱硝中广泛应用的方法之一。液相络合法常用的金属络合剂有亚铁络合剂和钴络合剂等。重点介绍了亚铁氨羧络合剂、含-SH的亚铁络合剂和六氨合钴络合剂、乙二胺合钴络合剂等同时脱硫脱硝的基本过程及常用吸收液的再生方法，指出了金属络合剂在烟气同时脱硫脱硝中应用时存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

陶瓷膜处理啤酒洗瓶废碱液的膜污染和清洗再生

研究了陶瓷膜过滤啤酒洗瓶废碱液膜污染机理,提出了相应的清洗再生方案。对比研究了硝酸、盐酸、次氯酸钠、三聚磷酸钠4种清洗剂单独使用和复合使用的清洗再生效果。试验表明:0.20%硝酸+0.55%次氯酸钠+0.15%三聚磷酸钠复合清洗再生陶瓷膜,膜通量恢复率在85%以上。陶瓷膜连续运行两个月,清洗再生效果稳定,具有工程实用价值。     

改性沸石吸附氨氮及电化学再生研究

研究了改性沸石对氨氮的吸附效能、动力学机制以及电化学再生效果。间歇和连续试验结果表明:沸石经改性后,能高效去除水中的氨氮,其吸附等温式更符合Langmuir模型,沸石、改性沸石的饱和吸附量分别为8.09 mg/g和13.55 mg/g,沸石的钠型改性能显著提高吸附容量约40.3%;颗粒内扩散是改性沸石吸附氨氮的控制性步骤,可以利用Vermeulen的内扩散模型进行描述;利用电化学再生吸附饱和后的沸石,再生液为NaCl溶液,阳极涂覆RuO2-Ti,再生时间为3h,可高效地再生沸石,无二次污染物排出,对环境冲击较小。     

铵饱和天然钙型沸石的化学再生效果

为实现沸石人工湿地的长期高效运行,以铵饱和天然钙型沸石为对象,通过沸石化学再生试验,从6种常用化学再生剂(NaCl+NaOH,NaCl+CaCl₂和NaCl+NaHCO₃组合型,以及NaCl,CaCl₂和NaHCO₃)中筛选出最佳再生剂,并优化了再生剂适用条件. 结果表明,NaCl+CaCl₂组合型再生剂能提升沸石再生率10%～20%,且不影响沸石结构,是一种较优的再生剂. 采用NaCl+CaCl₂组合型再生剂,Na+在沸石再生初期起主导作用,而当c(Na＋)较低时,Ca2+的离子交换作用逐渐起主导作用,因而采用该组合型再生剂能显著提升再生剂效果的持久性. 再生条件优化试验表明,当c(NaCl)∶c(CaCl₂)为7∶3,即当Ca2+和Na+所带正电荷数接近时,组合型再生剂再生率相对较高;当再生温度低于45℃时,升高温度能显著提升沸石再生率;而再生剂投加量为0.6 mol/L(以再生剂中的阳离子浓度计)时,组合型再生剂投加量最经济.      

Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on behavioural activity,regeneration and antioxidant enzymes in planarian Dugesia japonica

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant and has been found to be the predominant perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the environment. In the present study, planarian Dugesia japonica is employed to investigate the toxicity of this compound. The behavioural activity, survival, regeneration and antioxidant enzyme activities of the D. japonica exposed to PFOS were investigated. The results showed that the planarian D. japonica is very sensitive to low concentration pollutants including PFOS and suitable for toxicological bioassays. PFOS has severe toxicity in inducing oxidative stress, regeneration and development toxicity in planarians. The toxicity is indicated by reduced planarian locomotor velocity (pLMV), reduced appearance of auricles in regenerating animals, changed in antioxidant enzyme SOD and CAT activities. The information presented in this study will help elucidating the PFOS-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms.     

Protoplast preparation and regeneration conditions of Bacillus subtilis ZGL14 producing alkaline pectinase北大核心CSCD

The protoplast fusion technique is one of the important microbial breeding methods. The main factors that affect protoplast preparation and regeneration were investigated using Bacillus subtilis ZGL14 as the starter strain. The optimal conditions for protoplast preparation and regeneration were determined in this study by optimizing the cell age, lysozyme concentration, enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature, pH values of the osmotic pressure stabilizer, regeneration medium types, and culture type. The results indicated that the optimal condition for protoplast preparation of B. subtilis ZGL14 was as follows: 9 h of cell age, 0.2 mg/mL of lysozyme concentration, 10 min of enzymolysis time, 32 °C of enzymolysis temperature, and 7.0 of osmotic pressure stabilizer pH value. Under this condition, the protoplast formation and regeneration rates were > 98% and > 30%, respectively. A good protoplast regeneration effect can be achieved using the regeneration medium with sodium succinate as osmotic pressure stabilizer in combination with Ca2+. The single-layer culture was better than double-layer for regeneration. The optimal condition for protoplast preparation and regeneration of B. subtilis ZGL14 was determined in this study, which provides technical support for protoplast fusion breeding of B. subtilis. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

水热炭化对吸附处理染料废水产生的废活性炭的再生效果

为实现废粉末活性炭的循环利用,采用水热炭化对吸附处理染料废水产生的废粉末活性炭进行再生,考察了水热炭化再生温度、再生时间、初始pH和再生次数等因素对废粉末活性炭再生效果的影响.结果表明:将320℃的水热条件下反应8 h得到的再生粉末活性炭用于吸附处理染料废水,色度去除率在95%左右,废粉末活性炭再生率可超过60%,且酸性条件下更有利于活性炭再生.经过5次吸附再生循环,废粉末活性炭再生率为55.54%,再生率仅下降6.06%.红外光谱分析结果表明,新粉末活性炭、废粉末活性炭和再生粉末活性炭的官能团种类基本一致;表面官能团Boehm滴定测定结果显示,再生粉末活性炭表面碱性基团含量降低、酸性基团含量增加.由于升温改变了废粉末活性炭的吸附平衡,有机物从其表面脱附,部分有机物在再生液中降解;此外,废粉末活性炭表面不易挥发和脱附的有机物在高温高压下炭化所得的产物能进一步吸附有机物,因此导致了废粉末活性炭的再生.研究显示,水热炭化对废粉末活性炭有较好的再生效果,具有实际应用价值.      

Ferrihydrite preparation and its application for removal of anionic dyes

Anionic dyes are hazardous and toxic to living organisms. For this study, ferrihydrite was prepared to test its removal capabilities on anionic dyes. A ferrihydrite particle prepared in neutral environmental conditions is sphere-like with a diameter of 2–4 nm and its total surface area is approximately 229 m²·g^-1. In this paper, the effects of solution pH, competitive anions, and temperature on the adsorption of acid fuchsine onto ferrihydrite and the regeneration-reutilization of ferrihydrite were investigated in detail. The results indicate that ferrihydrite is an efficient sorbent for the removal of acid fuchsine at pH 4.0. The inhibitory effect of various competing anions on the present adsorption follows the precedence relationship: NO3-<Cl-<SO42-<H2PO4-. Adsorption isotherms of acid fuchsine on ferrihydrite fit the Langmuir equation well. The Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy data of adsorption indicate that this adsorption is a spontaneous, exothermic, and physical process. A ferrihydrite was regenerated and reused five times, still retaining its original adsorption capacity.