淀粉基超强吸水剂的研究

本文研究了淀粉基超强吸水剂的合成方法，探讨了反应条件对吸水性的影响.     

REGIONALIZATION OF STORM HYETOGRAPHS1

ABSTRACT: Regionalization of design storms can enhance their utility. Otherwise they have to be separately developed for different regions. Huff curves developed from point rainfall data collected at Coshocton, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois, and from area-averaged Illinois and Texas precipitation data, are compared. The curves are similar in shape and position, with some visual differences depending on quartile. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests showed no significant differences in moat of the comparisons. Where significant differences existed, they may not represent real differences due to the small number of storms sampled. Consequently, regionalization of Huff curves from Ohio to Illinois to Texas may be appropriate. The comparison of Huff curves is affected to an unknown degree both by the effects of area averaging of data and by basis. of-development differences. The effects of observed differences in Huff curves on watershed response variables (e.g., peak flow) requires further study.     

The mild hydrothermal synthesis of hydrogrossular from coal ash

In this study, an attempt was made to synthesize hydrogrossular, a group of garnet minerals, under hydrothermal conditions at temperatures below 180°C, using coal ash, which is the solid waste from thermal power plants, as a starting material. A single phase corresponding to hydrogrossular was found at around 120°C, and the hydrogrossular coexisted with 11-Å tobermorite above 140°C. The hydrogrossular phase decreased with increasing reaction temperature, while that of 11-Å tobermorite increased concurrently. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogrossular obtained from the hydrothermal synthesis was characterized by X-ray diffraction thermogravimetry/differential thermal, analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Received: September 4, 2000 / Accepted: March 7, 2001     

纳氏试剂比色法测定水中氨氮的测量不确定度评定

通过建立纳氏试剂比色法测定水中氨氮含量不确定度的数学模型,按照分析方法步骤,分别对配制标准使用液、取样过程、样品测量重复性、绘制校准曲线以及测量仪器引入的不确定度分量进行了详细的分析和计算,得出测量扩展不确定度结果。     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的制备与性能研究

采用马来酸酐与氨水进行溶液聚合的方法制备聚天冬氨酸,利用静态阻垢法评价了聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能。结果表明:聚天冬氨酸对ρ(Ca2+)=300mg/L,ρ(HCO3-)=300mg/L的水样阻垢率可以达到90%以上;在ρ(HCO3-)低于400mg/L时,药剂的阻垢率可达到100%;当ρ(HCO3-)大于400mg/L后,药剂阻垢性能降低明显。聚天冬氨酸具有良好的生物降解性,生物降解率可以达到70%。     

区域开发SEA综合评价体系初探

根据区域可持续发展的要求，为了实现区域环境保护从战略酝酿阶段就参与区域国民经济综合评价，本文首次尝试提出了一套实际操作性强的、定量的、着眼于整体的区域可持续性发展SEA综合评价模式，并以成都市羊安工业集中发展区为例，从经济、社会、环境三个子系统出发建立指标体系对其进行综合评价。     

用炼油厂废白土制备有机膨润土的研究(Ⅱ)──工艺优化及产品表征

对废白土提纯土制备有机膨润土的工艺条件进行了最优化实验研究,并通过红外光谱、X－衍射谱、热重差热谱、黏度和溶胀性的测定与美国有机膨润土进行比较,结果显示,用废白土提纯土合成的有机膨润土的各项技术指标与美国有机膨润土相当．     

环保型多功能水处理剂的合成

以丙烯酸（AA）、2－丙烯酰胺基－2－甲基－丙磺酸（AMPS）、次磷酸钠及过硫酸钠为原料,合成了一种含膦基、羧基和磺酸基的多功能水处理剂。探讨了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对合成产品阻垢性能的影响,反应温度为100℃、反应时间为4h、单体质量比AA∶AMPS＝3∶1、Na2S2O8∶nAH2PO2∶(AA AMPS)=2.5∶15∶100时,该聚合物阻CaCO3、Ca3(PO4)2及锌盐沉积的综合性能最佳。     

4种具有α-季碳结构的对位壬基酚异构体的合成和表征

不同来源工业壬基酚混合物(t-NP)中对位壬基酚(p-NP)异构体的组成各不相同,各异构体之间在环境行为等方面也存在着较大差异,因此在壬基酚的环境归趋、生态毒性以及雌激素活性等研究中迫切需要t-NP中不同单个异构体作为模型化合物,然而目前市场上能购买到的直链壬基酚(4-n-NP)异构体不能作为代表.以苯酚和4种含分支结构的壬醇为原料(苯酚与壬醇摩尔比为4:1),以BF3为催化剂,按照Friedel-Crafts烷基化方法合成了t-NP中常见的4种烷基链具有α-季碳结构的对位壬基酚的异构体,即4(3′,5′-二甲基-3′-庚基)-苯酚(p353NP),4(3′,6′-二甲基-3′-庚基)-苯酚(p363NP),4(2′,6′-二甲基-2′-庚基)-苯酚(p262NP)和4(3′-甲基-3′-辛基)-苯酚(p33NP).合成的壬基酚粗产物用硅胶柱色谱法提纯后的纯度达99%,并经紫外可见分光光度计、荧光分光光度计、HPLC、GC-MS、1H-和13C-NMR进行了表征.合成的4种p-NP异构体可被用于壬基酚的雌激素活性、毒理、代谢和环境归趋等研究.     

改性纤维素吸附剂的合成及其对铜离子的吸附

建立了一种简单方便的纤维素改性的固相合成方法。采用普遍廉价的滤纸作为原料,用固相合成法将预处理后的滤纸纤维经琥珀酸酐进行酯化改性,制备成新型的纤维素吸附剂,通过质量增比、扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对制备的吸附剂进行了分析表征,并且探究了离子初始浓度、溶液p H和吸附时间对改性纤维素吸附铜离子的影响。结果表明,在室温下初始离子浓度为1 000 mg/L,离子溶液体积为50 m L,加入0.1 g纤维改性剂,p H为4.0~5.0,吸附平衡时间为50 min时,滤纸纤维改性后最大吸附铜离子质量可达470 mg/g,铜离子去除率达到94%。