铝电解槽计算机控制系统防雷接地技术

国内电解铝厂计算机控制系统,不同程度受到过雷击损害.本文通过铝电解槽计算机控制系统的雷害分析,提出了防雷的必要性,根据计算机控制系统的技术特点,结合多年的系统设计、安装、调试经验,提出了铝电解槽计算机控制系统整体防雷接地措施.     

等离子体改性PVDF中空纤维超滤膜的动电性质研究

为减轻膜污染以丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为接枝单体,对聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜用低温等离子体方法进行改性。用流动电位法,测定电解质溶液中膜的流动电位并研究电解质溶液的种类、浓度及pH值的影响,对比改性前后的膜流动电位变化情况。结果表明,流动电位绝对值随着电解质浓度的增大而减小,随着电解质溶液中阳离子价态的升高而减小;改性后膜的zeta电位略高于原膜。     

Phosphorus release： A biogeochemical insight from a restored lakeside wetland in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, China

The heavy intensification of agriculture in East China since the 1980s caused the decrease of lake area and water storage capacity with impediment of regulation, lake eutrophication and frequent floods. Many restoration projects have been conducted. However, the knowledge of biogeochemical factors that drive nutrient cycles during the early stage of restoration is still limited. We studied the effect of the remediation of a patch of near-shore shallow wetland on the northern bank of Chaohu Lake in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, China, which was used as rice paddy for many years, on the behavior of phosphorus. Redox potential (ORP), temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored in situ from May 2006 to November 2007. Samples of soil pore water were collected during this time for the determination of different forms of iron and phosphorus. ORP showed a clear transition of the wetland soil from an oxidized state in winter to a reduced state in summer. The decrease of ORP correlated with the release of large amounts of Fe and P. The maxima of total dissolved Fe and total dissolved P in the summer of the second year were (13.8 ± 6.8) mg/L and (0.88 ± 0.27) mg/L, respectively. It is worth noticing that P concentration far exceeded the critical value of lake eutrophication (0.02 mg/L). The pressure of P release to the adjacent lake during the first two years of wetland restoration from rice fields should be taken into account by environmental policy makers.     

水分控制下的湿地沉积物氧化还原电位及其对有机碳矿化的影响

为探讨水分与氧化还原电位之间的内在关系及其对沼泽湿地有机碳分解矿化的影响,采用室内培养(25℃,155 d)实验研究了不同水分条件(24%~232%WHC)下三江平原3类湿地(泥炭沼泽、腐殖质沼泽和沼泽化草甸)沉积物氧化还原电位(Eh)变化以及有机碳的矿化特征.结果表明,不同水分条件对湿地沉积物氧化还原电位的影响有较大差异,在低于100%WHC(最大持水量)水分范围时,氧化还原电位随着水分的增加而降低,>100%WHC(至积水2 cm)时,水分含量变化对泥炭沼泽和腐殖质沼泽沉积物氧化还原电位影响作用降低.泥炭沼泽、腐殖质沼泽和沼泽化草甸沉积物有机碳矿化最适宜水分含量存在较大差异,分别为32%、48%和76%~100%WHC.湿地沉积物有机碳矿化速率与氧化还原电位之间存在二次函数关系(p<0.05),在还原态下(Eh值<300 mV),有机碳矿化速率和矿化量随氧化还原电位的升高而升高,在氧化态(Eh值>300 mV)下则逐渐降低.较低的氧化还原电位是三江平原湿地有机碳得以积累的重要原因.     

基于电聚合作用的脂质体免疫传感器检测水体中毒莠定的实验研究

利用脂质体包埋亚铁氰化钾,通过戊二醛交联毒莠定兔抗制成免疫脂质体,开发快速检测水中毒莠定的夹心型免疫传感器.在修饰电极的成分等方面优化传感器的工作参数,确定了Nation、多壁碳纳米管(multiwalled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs)和毒莠定兔抗浓度的最优值分别为0.5%、10mg·mL-1、50μg·mL-1.免疫传感器的制作及测定过程如下:采用循环伏安法促使3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene, EDOT)发生电聚合作用,将毒莠定兔抗直接固定到被修饰的玻碳电极上,电极再依次与待测水样和毒莠定兔抗修饰的免疫脂质体培育一定时间,最后利用TfitonX-100溶解与抗原结合的免疫脂质体,采用方波伏安法检测还原电流以反映毒莠定浓度,整个检测过程可以在70rain内完成.在0.1 mol·-1,的H3PO4中浸泡5 rain,可实现该传感器的良好再生.结果表明,毒莠定的检测下限达到了10-10mol·L-1,线性区间为10-10～10-4mol·L-1,适合饮用水中毒莠定浓度的检测要求.     

不同铝形态去除水中腐殖酸的混凝特性

制备了碱化度为2.4、以Al13,为主要成分的聚合铝PAC-All13和碱化度为2.4、以Al30为主要成分的高聚聚合铝PAC-Al30.采用烧杯混凝实验,通过絮体颗粒生长、电中和能力、pH和混凝剂投量对混凝效果的影响,比较了PAC-Al30、PAC-Al13,和AIC3,混凝去除水中腐殖酸的行为,并考察了水中残留铝的含量.实验结果表明,3种混凝剂的絮体形成能力由强到弱为PAC-Al30>PAC-Al13>AlCl3.与AlCl3相比, PAC-Al13和PAC-Al30的适用pH范围更宽,为5.0～8.0.PAC-Al30和PAC-Al13,的电中和能力差别不明显;由于更强的吸附和架桥作用,在低投量下PAC-Al30表现出更好的混凝效果,而且PAC-Al30比AlCl3和PAC-Al13有更宽的有效投量范围,为0.08～0.64mmol/L.对于腐殖酸含量为10m/L的水样,在pH为7.0,投量为0.16mmol/L下, PAC-Al30对腐殖酸去除率达到98.5%,此时出水残留铝浓度为0.066mg/L.结果证实Al30是可用于水中腐殖酸去除的一种新型的混凝/絮凝活性成.     

湘东北地区石蛤蟆花岗岩体SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

分布于湖南东北部的石蛤蟆岩体侵位于新元古代地层中。由微细粒斑状黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩等两期侵入体组成。通过锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测得岩体侵位年龄为157±2 Ma(2σ),MSWD=0.98,成岩时代为晚侏罗世。SiO2=68.26%～68.53%,K2O/Na2O=1.37～1.59,岩石属镁质、准铝质-微过铝质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列;岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Rb/Sr较低(0.40～0.56);ΣREE较高(171.48～183.81),Eu为弱负异常(δEu=0.86～0.93),(La/Yb)N=27.11～45.87;具较高的εNd值(-5.11)和高T2DM(1.63 Ga)。综合研究表明,石蛤蟆花岗岩为混合源高钾钙碱性花岗岩类(KCG),其花岗岩浆有大量幔源物质加入。讨论认为岩体形成于构造体制转换下的地球动力学背景,是造山晚期张弛作用下的产物。     

鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A降解芘的性能及细胞表面性质的影响

在实验室可控条件下,研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A生长情况、降解芘(初始浓度为15 mg·L-1)性能以及降解过程中菌体表面性质(细胞表面疏水性、菌体Zeta电位)的影响.结果表明,鼠李糖脂明显促进了GP3A的生长,当鼠李糖脂浓度为200 mg·L-1和500 mg·L-1时,72 h时菌体的生长量比未...     

Production and contribution of hydroxyl radicals between the DSA anode and water interface

Hydroxyl radicals play the key role during electrochemical oxidation and photoelectrochemical oxidation. The production and e ect of hydroxyl radicals on the interface between DSA anode and water was investigated by examining the quenching e ect of iso-propanol on Orange II decolorization. We observed that with an increase in electrode potential from 4 to 12 V across electrodes at pH 7.0, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals increased dramatically. More OH radicals were produced in acidic and alkaline conditions than at neutral conditions. At electrode potential of 4 V, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals was obviously higher at near neutral pH conditions, while removal e ciency of Orange II achieved was the lowest concurrently. Finally, for photocatalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and photoelectrochemical oxidation using the same DSA electrode, the e ect of hydroxyl radicals proved to be dominant in photocatalytic oxidation but the contribution of hydroxyl radicals was not dominant in electrochemical oxidation, which implies the necessity of UV irradiation for electrochemical oxidation during water treatment.     

云朝山雷达站10KV线路雷害分析与防雷措施的研究

该文对张家界云朝山雷达站的雷电活动规律、雷害事故和原有防雷措施进行了认真探讨.结合雷电活动选择性原理深入分析该雷达站雷害事故,指出沿10kv线路来的雷电侵入波是造成雷害的主因.针对原防雷措施在对线路入侵波保护、配电变压器防雷、低压电源保护、接地及等电位联接方面存在的薄弱环节,重点阐述高海拔地区10kv线路的防雷关键措施...