苯系物污染土壤热解析实验研究

采用静态实验研究了苯系物(BTEX)污染土壤热解析的影响因素,确定了最优的热解析条件,然后通过动态实验,考察了热解析技术修复苯系物污染土壤的效果。结果表明:在加热温度为120℃、粒径水平≤2.0 mm以及加热时间为45min的条件下,污染土壤中总BTEX去除率达到97.3%,其中苯和甲苯的去除率在99%以上,乙苯、间对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的去除率在95.6%~97.2%,修复效果非常理想。     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

Knudsen cell and smog chamber study of the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on Chinese mineral dust

The heterogeneous uptake processes of sulfur dioxide on two types of Chinese mineral dust（Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang sierozem） were investigated using both Knudsen cell and smog chamber system. The temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was studied over a range from 253 to 313 K using the Knudsen cell reactor, the initial uptake coefficients decreased with the increasing of temperature for these two mineral dust samples, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of the Xinjiang sierozem increased with the temperature increasing, and these temperature dependence functions were obtained for the first time. In the smog chamber experiments at room temperature, the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 decreased evidently with the increasing of sulfur dioxide initial concentration from 1.72 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1012mol/cm3. Humid air had effect on the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 onto Inner Mongolia desert dust.Consequences about the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples and the environmental implication were also discussed.     

基于离散元法的温度静力触探贯入与传热研究北大核心CSCD

温度静力触探是一种新型原位测试方法,可同时获取土体的力学和热学参数,为浅层地温能资源勘查提供技术保障。为研究温度静力触探的贯入与传热机理,通过离散元数值模拟实现了离散元模型的建立和试样的力学和热学参数标定。研究分析了贯入过程中的贯入阻力变化、土体应力场、位移场及位移路径;获得了加热-散热过程中探头加热段与隔热段的温度响应规律以及土体温度场演化,并与室内模型试验进行了对比分析。采集的温度变化曲线通过数据解译反演得到了土体的导热系数,为温度静力触探的贯入-传热机理研究及工程应用奠定了理论依据。研究结果表明:贯入过程中,贯入阻力随深度的增加而增加,且土体颗粒位移范围在距锥身B/2内;传热过程中,探头加热60 s,加热段实现了5.5℃的升温;在加热和散热的初期,探头的温度变化最快,与实验结果相同;利用探头散热温度所反演导热系数为0.330 W/(m·K),误差为6.5%,优于加热数据反演结果。     

温度对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化中水解和酸化过程的影响

实验考查了厨余垃圾在4个温度(25℃、37℃、40℃、50℃)条件下的水解率、挥发酸(VFA)产量和速率、乳酸产量和有机酸的组成.结果表明:温度对水解和酸化过程均有较大影响,在小于37℃范围内水解率和酸化率均随温度升高而增加,最大的VFA浓度在37℃下获得,达34.4g/L.超过37℃,酸化率下降而水解率继续增加,最大水解率在50℃下获得达82%.VFA中以甲酸和乙酸为主,并有少量丙酸和丁酸产生,同时乳酸浓度一直较高.通过实验确定了厨余垃圾水解酸化过程的最优温度条件为37℃.     

压缩式压电加速度传感器瞬变温度灵敏度测试建模分析

本文分析了压缩型压电加速度传感器产生瞬变温度灵敏度的主要原因,对其进行分析建模,并提出一种简化的瞬变温度灵敏度计算模型;设计了瞬变温度灵敏度的测试系统,通过实验对比了国内外高温加速度传感器的相关性能参数,实验结果表明,在测试过程中,相同的动态温度场作用下,国产高温加速度传感器将产生更大的测量误差;最后将模型数据与实验数...     

四个量子点热电输运性质的研究

采用非平衡格林函数的方法来求解量子输运问题。考虑一个由四个单能级量子点和AB环组成的系统,研究该系统的热电特性。在这样的一个量子点系统中,通过调节量子点之间的能量间距、量子点间的耦合系数和系统的温度来研究该系统的热电特性。     

泰安市环境受体PM_(2.5)组分特征与来源解析

为了明确泰安市环境受体PM_(2.5)的污染特征和主要来源,该研究于2015年春、冬季在泰安市区采集了环境受体中PM_(2.5)样品,分析了PM_(2.5)及其化学组分特征,建立了源化学成分谱,基于化学质量平衡(CMB)模型对泰安市环境受体PM_(2.5)进行了来源解析,利用后轨迹分析了PM_(2.5)的区域传输路径。结果表明:PM_(2.5)及其化学组分与污染源贡献都具有明显的季节特征。春季,机动车尘是PM_(2.5)的首要贡献源类,分担率为19.11%;其次为二次硫酸盐、扬尘和煤烟尘,分担率分别为18.07%、16.08%、10.53%。冬季,煤烟尘为首要的污染源类,分担率为16.32%;机动车源和城市扬尘对PM_(2.5)的分担率比春季低,分别为11.99%和13.42%。后轨迹分析表明,春季PM_(2.5)可能受来自内蒙古等地的土壤风沙尘的长距离运输影响;冬天可能受来自蒙古、河北、山东周边等地燃煤源的长距离运输的影响。     

温度测量技术及其在劳动防护织物加工中的应用

综述了温度测量技术的发展和应用情况，介绍了在劳动防护织物加工、性能测定中温度测量技术的重要作用。     

Balance the Paradox between Limited Health Resources and Growing Demands for Medical Services

Health institutions in the People＇s Republic of China are under considerable challenge. Innovations in management systems may support the challenge to increase both efficiency and effectiveness. The balanced scorecard （BSC） is one such innovation. We have used a model to explore the factors that may impact the diffusion of the BSC in Chinese government hospitals. In particular, we concentrate on three factors - the outer context, the nature of the innovation and the communication and influence. The outer context and the nature of the innovation do provide an inducement to implement a BSC. The strength of the communication and influence may affect the level of take-up. However, we recognise that they may choose ＂the BSC not for any apparent technical excellence but for the legitimation that Western management practices may bring to local managers.