垃圾降解过程中脲酶测定条件优化

在土壤脲酶测定方法的基础上,以垃圾填埋场中的填埋垃圾为研究对象,通过单因素试验和正交试验对垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定方法进行优化。结果表明,垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定最优条件为:垃圾样品风干温度30℃,甲苯0.5mL,10%尿素1mL,0.1mol/LpH5.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液3mL,培养温度及培养时间分别为30℃和24h。优化后的的测定条件RSD小于0.82%,且测定值较传统方法提高30.48%～147.28%,表明该方法精密度高,可行性强。     

土壤中兽用抗生素污染的研究进展

善用抗生素在环境中的归趋及其对生态环境的潜在危害逐步受到人们的关注,已成为环境领域的研究热点之一.在查阅了近期国内外的相关研究基础上,对土壤环境中几类典型抗生素(四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类等)的污染源、污染水平、生态毒性和引起抗性基因的风险进行了综述.     

《安全与环境工程》2010年第17卷总目录

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耐淋雨试验系统的研制

对自行研制的耐淋雨试验系统进行了介绍。设备研制中对试验系统的试验台升降及旋转系统、降雨强度调节系统和控制系统进行了优化设计,同时根据环境试验要求,指出了该试验设备研制过程中所遇到的淋雨滴雨合一、受试面转换和温度调控等技术难点,并给出了解决途径。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

锰尾矿、矿渣浸出毒性及Cd、Pb溶出特性研究

锰尾矿、矿渣是锰生产过程中形成的废弃物,里面的很多物质都会在自然条件下如雨水淋溶而溶出,进入到土壤和水体中造成环境污染。通过对锰尾矿、矿渣进行浸出毒性实验;以及结合到当地的自然条件,考查浸泡体系pH值、温度、液固比的变化条件,对尾矿、矿渣中Pb、Cd溶出含量的影响,明确了锰尾矿、矿渣属于一般的工业固体废物,以及Pb、Cd的溶出特性。     

杀菌剂三唑酮毒性及内分泌干扰作用研究进展

在对近年来国内外三唑酮研究的热点问题进行分析讨论的基础上,概述了三唑酮的检测、毒性、内分泌干扰作用等方面研究的进展工作。     

除草剂乙草胺的毒性及其内分泌干扰活性研究进展

就近年来国内外的相关报道对乙草胺的急性及其慢性毒性、内分泌干扰活性毒性的研究进行综述,并对今后乙草胺的研究方向做了展望。     

油污染地下水原位生物修复试验研究

石油产品污染土壤和地下水已成为当前全球共同面临的一个严峻问题。根据油污染地下水的特点,采用地下水原位生物修复技术进行处理。实验结果表明原位生物修复技术处理地下水效果显著,水中COD去除率可达95%,油类去除率也达90%以上,是一种十分有效的地下水处理技术。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

Induction of chemotaxis to sodium chloride and diacetyl and thermotaxis defects by microcystin-LR exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaC1 and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thennotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels of che-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P<0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced m MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations.