我国近海水体油类污染现状分析评价

基于中国近海海洋综合调查与评价国家908专项(908专项)中关于我国近海海域海水中油类含量数据(2006年7月14日至2007年12月29),据此数据对我国近海海水油类污染现状进行了分析评价.结果显示,各海域油类的测值和平均值除个别站位外,海水中油类均符合一二类国家海水水质标准.就各季油类平均含量高低相对比较而言,冬季...     

县级城市人居环境主客观指标体系与评价模型对比研究

本文对人居环境相关研究进行了阐述,并就城市人居环境指标体系与评价模型进行了分析研究。提出了人居环境质量主客观评价结合模型,其中指标体系包括四个一级指标和18个单项指标,并依据我国黄河三角洲高效经济区内14个县级城市2007年的调查统计资料,对人居环境客观建设水平和居民满意度进行了对比评价。运用因子分析法处理指标数据,问卷调查的方法进行满意度评价。评价结果科学可行,并揭示出影响县级城市人居环境的根本因素。     

电厂燃煤锅炉颗粒物分段去除效率及成因分析

选取某大型发电企业进行实测,根据测试数据计算颗粒物去除装置对颗粒物的分段去除效率。结果表明:静电除尘器除尘效率为99.91%、湿法脱硫装置除尘效率为60.51%、湿法脱硫装置出口相对静电除尘器进口的颗粒物去除效率为99.61%、湿法脱硫装置出口颗粒物浓度是静电除尘器出口颗粒物浓度的4.18倍。此外,也依据计算结果并结合实际情况分析了影响各除尘段颗粒物去除效率的主要成因,这些成因主要包括各除尘段功能、脱硫剂与脱硫副产品的颗粒物、脱硫装置运行平稳性等,期望本研究成果能对电厂燃煤锅炉大气污染控制设施关系调整、重新设计及大气环境污染治理思路调整提供重要科学依据与指导。     

便携β射线法手工监测PM_(2.5)的可行性研究

提出利用自动射线原理结合重量法的简捷便携特点的便携射线仪手工监测PM2.5的思路,平行比对了便携射线法和手工重量法所测60组PM2.5浓度的监测结果,采用线性回归及T检验、F检验等理论分析了两者数据结果间的有效性和可比性。结果表明,便携式射线仪监测结果与重量法监测结果之间有效可比且得到了两者间的线性回归方程;此外进行了20组数据的实样验证,换算值和真值之间相对误差在8%以内,因而确定了便携射线仪手工监测PM2.5的可行性。     

松花江佳木斯江段水环境质量变化状况及趋势(水生生物指标)分析

根据近十年来的松花江佳木斯江段水环境质量监测数据,从水生生物指标对松花江佳木斯江段水环境质量变化趋势进行了评价分析,水生生物指标分析结果表明:近十年来佳木斯江段水环境质量得到显著持续改善,规律性的由轻-中污染变化为轻污染状况。标志着近十年水污染治理取得了一定成效。     

A device for sampling the mud‐water interface in eutrophic lakes and bogs for residue analysis

Abstract

A tubular device has been developed making it possible to obtain layered samples of loosely aggregated, flocculent material from bogs or eutrophic lakes. The samples are up to 50 cm long and 15 cm in diameter. The sampler is free from protuberances and intact, layered samples can be taken. The tubular part of the sampler is about 85 em long, the walls of the lower 25‐cm portion harbouring a pneumatic closing mechanism which is controlled from above the water surface. An extendible handle for manipulating the sampler and for guiding it into place, is fastened to the upper end of the sampling tube. The performance and the operation of the sampler in the field are described.     

OPTIMAL IDENTIFICATION OF MUSKINGUM ROUTING COEFFICIENTS1

Traditionally, identification of the Muskingum routing coefficients has been based on observations of the linearity of a loop formed by graphically plotting a forward and a reverse path. This graphical procedure is time-consuming and may not minimize the error of estimation. A procedure was developed to improve the drawbacks of the graphical method. This procedure calls for (a) the use of least square regression on the forward and reverse paths to determine their respective slopes, and (b) the use of statistical t-test to evaluate the hypothesis that these two slopes are equal. The computational procedure is repeated, using incremental values of the flow weighting coefficient, x. A graph of the computed t-value versus x can be constructed. The optimal value of x, as read from the graph, occurs at the minimum computed t-value. The procedure has been demonstrated superior to the graphical method for three illustrative examples, resulting in a reduction of the error squares by factors ranging from 5 to 6.     

Treatment of risk in environmental impact assessment

Risk assessment and environmental impact assessment have developed as separate traditions. While environmental impact assessment is a broad field that includes all activities that attempt to analyze and evaluate the effects of human and related actions on the environment, risk assessment has been concerned with the relatively well-defined regulatory problems and employs formal quantitative analysis of the probability of specific undesired events, such as cancer. Risk analytic approaches, particularly the explicit treatment of uncertainty, can significantly contribute to environmental assessments. This article discusses the type and sources of uncertainty in environmental assessments, techniques for their quantification, and ways to use uncertainty estimates to calculate probabilities of effects or probabilities of exceeding environmental standards and to determine the need for mitigation or additional research.This article was presented at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Task Force Meeting on Risk and Policy Analysis under Conditions of Uncertainty, Laxenburg, Austria, November 1985.     

Fuzzy数学在人－机－环境系统工程研究中的应用

综述了模糊数学在航天人机环境系统工程中的应用和发展。内容包括急性缺氧反应综合评定，人机系统中的控制模型，通风服研制和鉴定以及人体。心脏功能评价等研究领域中模糊数学的应用方法和作用。其研究方法对于一般人机工程的建模和分析具有积极意义。     

广东省火电厂烟气脱硫装置的经济技术分析

简要介绍了广东省7个火电厂现有的5种烟气脱硫技术装置：海水脱硫、荷电干式烟气脱硫、湿式石灰石／石膏法烟气脱硫、DCL燃煤固硫剂脱硫及烟气循环流化床脱硫技术，对它们的经济、技术性进行了分析比较。