Hurricanes and hegemony: A qualitative analysis of micro-level climate change denial discourses

The climate change countermovement and its program of climate change denial have been well documented and studied. However, individual rationales for rejecting climate science remain under-studied. Twitter data related to Hurricane Sandy in 2012 are used to understand why individuals reject the orthodox climate consensus, using a summative content analysis of climate change denial discourses. Three major discourses are discovered: rejecting climate science because climate science is a conspiracy favoring growth of government; opposing renewable energy and energy taxation; and expressing fear of governmental abuse of power. Importantly, each discourse expressed certainty that climate science itself was a wholesale fraud; the denial discourses themselves focused far more on climate politics than on science.     

Using Social Network Analysis to examine the role that institutional integration plays in community-based adaptive capacity to climate change in Caribbean small island communities

Remote island communities in the Caribbean are known to be disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As a result, there is a need to better understand the factors that contribute to increasing local-scale adaptive capacity through large-scale adaptation projects. While it has been argued that strong institutional networks are highly influential in a community’s ability to leverage funds and to implement tailored adaptation projects, limited empirical research has been undertaken. Social Network Analysis was used to retrospectively evaluate the importance of institutional integration for enhancing adaptive capacity in the small island community of Paget Farm in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Paget Farm successfully adapted to a lack of fresh water through the implementation of a funded solar-powered desalination plant – and as a result the community represents an ideal case study for analysis. Results reveal that while the level of vertical integration varied throughout the temporal phases of the adaptation project, horizontal integration was consistently low. These findings suggest that high integration between institutions may not be required during all project phases in order to ensure success and that more consistent rather than high levels of integration between sectors may be more meaningful for enhancing adaptive capacity.     

Identifying Urban Features from LiDAR for a High‐Resolution Urban Hydrologic Model

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), is relatively inexpensive, provides high spatial resolution sampling at great accuracy, and can be used to generate surface terrain and land cover datasets for urban areas. These datasets are used to develop high‐resolution hydrologic models necessary to resolve complex drainage networks in urban areas. This work develops a five‐step algorithm to generate indicator fields for tree canopies, buildings, and artificial structures using Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS‐GIS), and a common computing language, Matrix Laboratory. The 54 km² study area in Parker, Colorado consists of twenty‐four 1,500 × 1,500 m LiDAR subsets at 1 m resolution with varying degrees of urbanization. The algorithm correctly identifies 96% of the artificial structures within the study area; however, application success is dependent upon urban extent. Urban land use fractions below 0.2 experienced an increase in falsely identified building locations. ParFlow, a three‐dimensional, grid‐based hydrological model, uses these building and artificial structure indicator fields and digital elevation model for a hydrologic simulation. The simulation successfully develops the complex drainage network and simulates overland flow on the impervious surfaces (i.e., along the gutters and off rooftops) made possible through this spatial analysis process.     

城市间气态污染物与细颗粒物的相关性分析

通过对沿太行山脉东侧城市间环境空气污染物浓度监测数据分析发现,大气污染是一个区域性问题,相近城市间主要污染物浓度均呈高度正相关。以北京、石家庄、保定和邢台作为研究对象,对其2013年主要大气污染物浓度变化趋势进行分析对比,建立污染物浓度相关性分析模型,并对各污染因子间的相关性进行研究,得到各地区的污染物相关性结果,为区域协同控制大气污染提供决策支持。     

Lessons from the 2006 Louisiana health and population survey

The 2005 hurricane season caused extensive damage and induced a mass migration of approximately 1.1 million people from southern Louisiana in the United States. Current and accurate estimates of population size and demographics and an assessment of the critical needs for public services were required to guide recovery efforts. Since forecasts using pre-hurricane data may produce inaccurate estimates of the post-hurricane population, a household survey in 18 hurricane-affected parishes was conducted to provide timely and credible information on the size of these populations, their demographics and their condition. This paper describes the methods used, the challenges encountered, and the key factors for successful implementation. This post-disaster survey was unique because it identified the needs of the people in the affected parishes and quantified the number of people with these needs. Consequently, this survey established new population and health indicator baselines that otherwise would have not been available to guide the relief and recovery efforts in southern Louisiana.     

Developing green infrastructure ‘thinking’: devising and applying an interactive group-based methodology for practitioners

Recent years have witnessed a wave of interest in the concept of green infrastructure (GI) as a means of applying an ecosystem approach to spatial planning practice; however, more limited attention has been paid to decision-making processes or tools to enhance GI within spatial plans and guidance. We address this deficit by reporting on the development and application of an interactive group-based methodology to enhance GI ‘thinking’ and interdisciplinary collaboration, drawing on the literature on the sociology of interactions. Our findings suggest that a game-based approach to GI problem-solving was successful in breaking down professional barriers by creating an informal learning arena, providing an enabling opportunity for participants to solve problems in an iterative, non-linear style to develop principles for action with transferability to ongoing plan formation. This style of problem-solving was characterised by shifting norms and routines of interaction, leading to problem re-framing and a search for alternative solutions.     

基于河流生态系统服务功能的皂市水利枢纽工程的生态补偿标准

生态补偿标准核算是生态补偿研究的核心问题之一。运用市场价值法、机会成本法、影子工程法、影子价格法、防护费用法等评估方法，以皂市水利枢纽工程为例，构建了5个生态补偿主体受益评估模型和8个生态补偿对象受损评估模型，从河流生态系统服务功能视角对皂市水利枢纽工程生态补偿标准进行了评估。结果表明：皂市水利枢纽工程建设的生态补偿标准为0676 0×108元/a，中央政府和地方政府、水电开发业主是主要的生态补偿主体，其承担的生态补偿额分别占总生态补偿额的6805%和2658%；移民和河流生态系统本身是主要的生态补偿对象，其获得的生态补偿额分别占总生态补偿额的7574%和1695%     

臭氧一级校准数据读取方式对校准的影响研究

臭氧标准参考光度计同时采用串口连接模式、模拟信号连接模式和仪器数据存储-手动输入模式3种数据读取方式对臭氧二级传递标准进行一级校准,比较不同数据读取方式对校准结果的影响。串口连接模式和仪器数据存储-手动输入模式所得到校准曲线的斜率和截距具有很好的一致性,相差较小。经修正转化截距后的模拟信号连接模式所得到的斜率和截距相对于其他2种数据读取方式有一定的差别,但也在校准指标以内。     

高含硫气田试气作业二氧化硫监测方法探讨

针对高含硫气田试气作业排放二氧化硫的问题,利用电化学传感器建立试气监测方法。介绍了方法的原理、监测要求、设计了比对实验,结果表明:复合式气体检测仪方法监测结果能够反映试气二氧化硫扩散特征,该方法与常规人工采样监测方法监测结果的均值和标准差基本符合;两种方法监测结果的线性相关系数为0.993,使用该方法监测试气作业时大气中二氧化硫浓度能满足监测工作要求。     

南京市某城镇污水处理厂运行问题分析及对策

随着大量污水处理厂的建成投运,中国污水处理事业的重心必然会从以建设为主转向建设与运行并重,运行管理将发挥越来越重要的作用。文中以南京市某城镇污水处理厂为例,分析该污水处理厂运行过程COD、NH^3-N排放超标问题,并提出对策(健全配套污水收集管网,提升工艺参数DO、NO^3-、NO^2-的控制水平,规范运行台账管理等),以期为其他城镇污水处理厂的运行管理提供参考。