膜萃取和CaO-MgO乳状液反萃取法由醋酸废水生产醋酸钙镁盐

采用磺化聚醚砜中空纤维膜萃取醋酸废水，再用CaO—MgO乳状液反萃取制备醋酸钙镁盐。考察了膜萃取和反萃取的最佳实验条件。单级膜萃取醋酸废水（醋酸质量分数2％）的最佳条件为：水相走管程有机相走壳程（水外油内）逆流、有机相流量与水相流量比1．3、水相流量0．23mL/min，在此条件下萃取率可达74％；采用二级萃取，总萃取率可达95％。反萃取的最佳条件为：采用质量浓度100g／L的CaO—MgO乳状液作反萃取剂，CaO—MgO与醋酸摩尔比1．0：2．0，投料钙与镁摩尔比2．9：7．0，反萃取时间30min，室温，在此条件下反萃取率高于97％。     

氟苯生产废水处理及资源化技术

采用酸化、萃取、反萃、除氟、电催化氧化技术处理氟苯生产废水（简称废水）。工艺条件为：以硫酸为酸化剂，pH小于等于1；萃取温度10～25℃，搅拌时间大于4min，油水比（萃取剂与废水的体积比）1：4．0；反萃碱油比（NaOH溶液体积与油相体积比）1：3，NaOH质量分数10％；除氟时先加入2倍理论计算量的氯化钙、后加入氧化钙调pH至7～8；电催化氧化时粒子群电催化反应器槽电流2．0～2．5A，停留时间40～60min。处理后废水的COD、苯酚、F^-、石油类去除率分别高于99．3％，99．9％，99．8％，99．9％，苯酚回收率高于93．5％；出水COD、苯酚、F^-、石油类的浓度低于GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。     

基于MATLAB的灰色预测系统及其对抽采瓦斯钻孔流量的数值模拟

研究钻孔瓦斯流量的变化及其变化趋势对抽采煤层瓦斯涌出量及钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度等参量的判定具有较大的实用价值。笔者将煤层抽采瓦斯钻孔看作一个灰色系统,利用灰色系统理论,以原始时间序列数据为基础,建立抽采瓦斯钻孔流量的模拟和预测GM(1,1)模型。针对数值模拟中大量的矩阵计算,利用MATLAB软件编制高效的计算机程序,实现了对抽采瓦斯钻孔流量的模拟和预测。为了检验模型模拟和预测结果的精度,选择了合理的误差检验模型。通过工程实例证明了GM(1,1)模型可信度较高,关联度较好,均方差比值为一级,拟合优度高。对瓦斯抽采设计和矿井安全生产具有一定的指导意义。     

萃取预处理苯胺基乙腈生产废水试验研究

在苯胺基乙腈生产过程中会产生含苯胺、苯胺基乙腈、氰化物等高浓度高毒性高氨氮有机废水,可生化性较差。本试验以甲苯为萃取剂,保持原水的pH值不变,相比为0.33,经三级逆流萃取处理后,苯胺、总氰化物、氨氮和COD的萃取率可分别达到约91%、93%、42%和52%,BOD/COD由0.23提高到0.27,提高了废水的可生化性,甲苯可采用酸洗再生加蒸馏再生联合的处理方式。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

利用固相萃取技术富集了水中4种邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）化合物：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）。借助均匀设计法及计算机回归建模优化技术对4种PAEs的固相萃取条件进行了设计与优化，得到的最佳固相萃取条件：洗脱剂配比（正己烷与丙酮的体积比）30：1，洗脱体积2mL，洗脱速率4mL／min，上样速率8mL／min。富集后的试样用带电子捕获器的毛细管气相色谱仪检测，方法的线性范围为1～1000μg／L（DMP，DEP），0．2—100μg／L（DBP，DEHP），线性回归方程的相关系数为0．9970～1．0000，检出限为0．02-0．4μg／L，4种PAEs的回收率为69％～117％，相对标准偏差为2．5％～9．5％。[关键词]     

微波场协同提取金银花黄色素的正交工艺优化研究

目的是研究金银花黄色素的最佳提取工艺条件。采用正交试验法，以提取剂与原料用量比（A）、提取时间（B）、微波功率（C）和提取次数（D）4个因素，每个因素选取3个水平进行实验，提取次数与微波功率对提取有极显著影响。其最佳工艺条件为：提取剂为无水乙醇，提取剂与原料用量比为1：50（g／ml），提取时间为50s，微波功率为700W，提取次数为3次。     

Evaluation and comparison of alarm reset modes in advanced control room of nuclear power plants

An automation function has been widely applied in main control room of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The alarm system of fourth nuclear power plant (FNPP) in Taiwan is also going to be developed with automatic technology that is expected to support the operators’ performance and reduce the number of alarms. In this study, an experiment with a training simulator as an advanced alarm system was conducted to compare the effects of different alarm reset modes on performance and subjective ratings. The objective was to evaluate the practicability of alarm system with only auto-reset function in FNPP. Results revealed that, using the auto-reset mode, participants had lower task load index (TLX) on effort in the first test trial and was more satisfied under multi-task condition. In contrast, using manual reset mode, participants were more satisfied on alarm handling, monitoring, and decision making. In other words, both reset modes are necessary to assist the operator in different aspects, but with only single reset mode is insufficient. The reset function in advanced alarm system therefore should be very flexible.     

Sustainable oil-in-water analysis using a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction system directly interfaced with infrared spectroscopy

A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared (IR) techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%–98.8% with precision (RSD) ranging from 2.5%–7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three di erent wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%–92.2% with RSD 1.0%–9.3%. Data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.     

喷涂废水中邻苯二甲酸酯测定的优化研究

选取固相萃取GC-MS法定量检测喷涂废水中四种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs),运用正交设计法,研究了pH、洗脱剂、洗脱体积、洗脱速率和水样流速对废水中PAEs回收率的影响。结果表明,pH为2.5时回收率最佳(均100%);在该pH下,洗脱剂对4种PAEs的回收率影响最大,水样流速次之,洗脱速率与洗脱体积对4种PAEs的回收率影响相对较小。样品前处理最优参数为:水样流速8mL/min、洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯、洗脱体积4mL、洗脱速率2mL/min;该条件下4种PAEs的线性范围为0.2～8.0μg/mL,相关系数均0.99,喷漆废水中平均加标回收率为61.1%～103%,相对标准偏差为3.1%～14.6%,均可满足试验要求。     

武汉市地下水中酞酸酯污染物检测及来源分析

在武汉市区长江与汉江交界地带采集了具有代表性的地下水水样。采用固相萃取-气相色谱联用法对样品中的痕量邻苯二甲酸酯污染物进行定性定量分析,方法线性范围1ng/L～1000ng/L,检出限22ng/L～341ng/L。武汉市地下水中邻苯二甲酸酯的检出种类主要包括DBP、DEHP与DIBP等3大类。DBP污染最严重的地点在S1(东西湖区),浓度达1023.8ng/L;DEHP污染最严重的地点在S4(常青花园),浓度达481.0ng/L;DIBP污染最严重的地点在S9(唐家墩),浓度达237.8ng/L。将检测结果与武汉市湖泊水,长江、汉江武汉段,武汉市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液中的PAEs污染物种类及浓度进行对照,并结合采样点周边环境与水文地质条件进行分析。确定了PAEs污染物的土壤淋滤作用,汉江、长江水体对地下水的补给以及垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液的渗滤作用是武汉市地下水PAEs污染物的主要来源。