汽车涂装材料的现状及发展方向

主要介绍了当前汽车涂装材料的现状及其发展方向，指出涂装材料开发的重点是提高材料性能的同时将更注重其环保性能。主要体现在以下几个方面：1．减少有害物质和废水排放是研究开发的方向；2．开发无铅的阴极电泳漆使电泳涂装材料更适应环保要求：3．水性涂料、粉末涂料、以及高固体分涂料，将逐渐取代传统的溶剂型中涂、面漆涂料．成为现代环保型汽车涂料的主流。     

贫燃条件下汽车尾气净化催化剂Ag—SAPO—34湿热稳定性的研究

为解决贫燃条件下汽车尾气净化催化剂湿热稳定性差的问题，采用离子交换法把Ag离子交换到耐湿热性好的磷酸硅铝分子筛SAPO－34上，制备了有良好湿热稳定性的Ag-SAPO-34分子筛催化剂。研究结果表明：该催化剂经600℃、800℃高温水热处理8h后，活性分别平均降低2．3％和5．5％。水热处理初始4h时，催化剂活性下降2－5个百分点。随着水热处理时间增加到8－12h，催化剂活性的下降幅度逐渐减少至1－3个百分点，并趋向于稳定。同时，SEN、XRD表征测试结果表明，催化剂的表面形貌和骨架晶格结构在热处理和水热处理前后没有发生大的变化，这是催化剂耐湿热稳定性的根本原因。     

上海城市街道峡谷道路绿化模式研究

街道峡谷在上海城市中普遍存在,街道峡谷中污染气体的扩散受到屋顶风向、风速、高宽比、峡谷两侧建筑物的对称性、高度分布和街区形状等因素的影响。文章对适合于不同街道峡谷形式的、较为典型的道路绿化模式进行了研究。结果表明,上海城市街道峡谷中的道路绿化模式可归纳为:梯级递进式、斑块复合式、疏朗开敞式、模纹花镜式和独立行道树式5种。当街道峡谷与主导风垂直:(1)街道峡谷的W/H>5且为平行型峡谷时,绿化模式应采用梯级递进式或疏朗开敞式;(2)街道峡谷的W/H为0.6～5且为平行型峡谷时,绿化模式在迎风侧采用流朗开敞式、背风侧采用模纹花镜式,或者两侧都采用模纹花镜式;(3)街道峡谷的W/H<0.6且为平行型峡谷时,绿化模式应采用模纹花镜式或独立行道树式;(4)街道峡谷的W/H<0.6且为递升型峡谷时,绿化模式在迎风侧采用斑块复合式或模纹花镜式,背风侧采用模纹花镜式或独立行道树式;(5)街道峡谷的W/H<0.6且为递降型峡谷时,绿化模式可采用模纹花镜式或独立行道树式;当街道峡谷与主风向平行:宽、高比大的街道绿化模式应采用梯级递进式或斑块复合式,当街道峡谷的高度是宽度的倍数时,道路绿化宜采用疏朗开敞式或独立行道树式。     

基于GIS城市机动车尾气扩散迁移研究

中国城市大气污染日趋严重，汽车尾气污染所占比重越来越大。交通、道路、管制及气候条件等是影响城市机动车尾气排放的主要因素。本文根据机动车尾气研究的实际，研究了专题MGIS数据库结构， 并以广州为例，建立了基于GIS的城市机动车尾气扩散迁移预报系统，在此基础上实现了机动车尾气污染状况的可视化。     

低温等离子体技术在汽车尾气净化中的应用

介绍了低温等离子体技术及在汽车尾气净化中的应用和发展现状,阐述了低温等离子体产生的方法,讨论了其在汽车尾气净化过程中的机理,并提出了目前该技术在实际应用中还存在的一些局限性。     

Eco-material selection using fuzzy TOPSIS method

In the classical multiple attribute decision-making or MADM methods, the ratings and the weights of the criteria are known precisely. However, in eco-material selection exercises, the available data are typically inadequate because of the selection dual quantitative and qualitative natures. Some of the qualitative selection criteria can be rated in several classes rather being expressed by exact numerical values; hence the application of fuzzy concepts in decision-making seems attractive to deal with such kind of ratings. Thusly, the presented study attempts to propose an eco-material selection approach specific to the automobile body panels using a fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), to incorporate both numerical and rating-based criteria into one holistic sustainability model. TOPSIS and fuzzy logic can aid the material selection process in translating the design goals and parameters into usable numbers that in turn can be used to rank candidate materials in their closeness to the ideal solution. An additional uniqueness of this study stems from using the fuzzy-TOPSIS as a scoring tool without any assigned weights for the different selection attributes, in order to avoid the bias that is typically associated with other classical MADM, such as quality function deployment, analytical hierarchy process and digital logic.     

Investigation of volatile organic compounds and phthalates present in the cabin air of used private cars

The presence of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including aromatic, aliphatic compounds and low molecular weight carbonyls, and a target set of phthalates were investigated in the interior of 23 used private cars during the summer and winter. VOC concentrations often exceeded levels typically found in residential indoor air, e.g. benzene concentrations reached values of up to 149.1 µg m^− 3. Overall concentrations were 40% higher in summer, with temperatures inside the cars reaching up to 70 °C. The most frequently detected phthalates were di-n-butyl-phthalate and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in concentrations ranging from 196 to 3656 ng m^− 3.     

碳纳米管的特性及其在防腐涂层中的应用

综述了碳纳米管的结构、性能、制备方法和应用,并简要叙述了碳纳米管的发展历程。着重介绍了碳纳米管在防腐涂层中的研究和应用,其主要应用有化学复合镀、电镀和涂料。最后分析了碳纳米管在腐蚀领域的发展和应用前景。     

探讨汽车制造、锅炉排污许可申请的问题与对策

2019年全面启动了汽车制造行业、锅炉行业排污许可证的申请与核发,在申请过程中出现诸多问题,应完善污染物排放标准体系,做到环境影响评价、污染物排放标准与排污许可有效衔接。为此,在文中通过对相关文件的查阅与分析,对当前汽车制造行业、锅炉两个行业排污许可证申请与核发进行分析。在此基础上,提出了环评与排污许可衔接的建议。为环评与排污许可的衔接提供借鉴。     

What do consumers believe about future gasoline prices?

A full understanding of how gasoline prices affect consumer behavior frequently requires information on how consumers forecast future gasoline prices. We provide the first evidence on the nature of these forecasts by analyzing two decades of data on gasoline price expectations from the Michigan Survey of Consumers. We find that average consumer beliefs are typically indistinguishable from a no-change forecast, justifying an assumption commonly made in the literature on consumer valuation of energy efficiency. We also provide evidence on circumstances in which consumer forecasts are likely to deviate from no-change and on significant cross-consumer forecast heterogeneity.