Investigating the Uncertainties in the Simple Mass Balance Equation for Acidity Critical Loads for Terrestrial Ecosystems in the United Kingdom

The Simple Mass Balance (SMB)equation has been developed and used as one ofthe principal methods for calculating criticalloads of acidity for forest ecosystems. Criticalloads have formed the basis for informing policyrelated to the control and abatement of emissionsof acidifying pollutants. The SMB equationrelies on a variety of assumptions and dataderived from a variety of sources. Each of thesecomponent constituents has a potential source oferror depending on the method(s) used for theirderivation and the value(s) assigned. The resultis the possibility of generating a range ofcritical load values for a single ecosystem. This paper summarises the SMB equation, examinesthe uncertainties in deriving input values andreviews other works on the key assumptions.     

膜生物反应器(MBR)污泥膨胀控制对策的应用实例

介绍了以洗浴废水为主要原水的中水回用工程中控制污泥膨胀的情况。经过分析认为,原水中氮、磷等营养物质平衡遭到破坏是导致污染高粘性膨胀的主要原因,并采取了投加混凝剂和营养物质、排泥以及增加水力停留时间等措施,从而有效控制污泥膨胀。     

蓄牧业对大伙房水库水质的影响

于 198 0 - 2 0 0 3年对大伙房水库及上游流域主要营养物 (N、P)等进行了分析。结果表明 :水库主要污染物为氮、磷。上游流域的种植、养殖、生活污水是水库氮、磷污染的主要因子。论述了水库营养物 (N、P)物流来源及平衡关系和污染份额。确立了水库汇水区内存在的问题和治理对策     

天平的不等臂性对测试的影响

天平是一种重要的试验室检测仪器,在个体防护用品的检验工作中同样不可或缺,比如防护服的透气量测试、旋转辊筒法对防护鞋外底磨耗量的检测等,都会用到天平。本文主要从产生天平不等臂的原因及不等臂的检测、不等臂的调整等方面,简要论述了天平的正确性对测量的影响。     

优化循环水场设计实现节水

通过对企业水平衡测试的分析，进一步加深了对水进入（输入）和排出（输出）生产单元或系统产生水量主要因素的认识，在此基础上开发多项优化循环水设计的方案，以达到节水、节能和减少污水排放的目的。进而应用到实际工程项目中去，取得了良好的节水效果。     

离子色谱法测定水中主要阳离子

报导了水中阳离子Ｌｉ＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋的离子色谱分析及其分析精密度，准确性和线性范围。与阴离子组分同时测定用于水中离子总量的分析，获得满意结果。     

Reducing fall risk by improving balance control: development, evaluation and knowledge-translation of new approaches

Problem

Falling is a leading cause of serious injury, loss of independence, and nursing-home admission in older adults. Impaired balance control is a major contributing factor.

Methods

Results from our balance-control studies have been applied in the development of new and improved interventions and assessment tools. Initiatives to facilitate knowledge-translation of this work include setting up a new network of balance clinics, a research-user network and a research-user advisory board.

Results

Our findings support the efficacy of the developed balance-training methods, balance-enhancing footwear, neuro-prosthesis, walker design, handrail-cueing system, and handrail-design recommendations in improving specific aspects of balance control.

Impact on Knowledge Users

A new balance-assessment tool has been implemented in the first new balance clinic, a new balance-enhancing insole is available through pharmacies and other commercial outlets, and handrail design recommendations have been incorporated into 10 Canadian and American building codes. Work in progress is expected to have further impact.     

珠江三角洲地区硫和氮沉降临界负荷研究

通过实地采集土壤样品和测量其矿物组成,收集植被和大气沉降等数据,应用稳态质量平衡(SMB)法和ArcGIS,计算得到了珠江三角洲地区硫沉降和氮沉降临界负荷及其超临界负荷.结果表明,珠江三角洲地区当前硫沉降临界负荷呈现东高西低的态势,高值区分布于惠州大部、广州中北部、东莞和中山南部地区,其临界负荷值大于15.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1;低值区包括江门大部、肇庆大部和深圳部分地区,其临界负荷值小于2.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1.氮沉降临界负荷在1.0~2.5 keq·(hm2·a)-1范围,小于1.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1出现在肇庆等地区.当前硫沉降超过临界负荷的区域较少,但大部分区域氮沉降超过了其临界负荷;未来随着大气颗粒物浓度的降低硫沉降临界负荷将下降,将出现大片硫超临界负荷区.因此,当前珠江三角洲地区应加大氮沉降控制的力度,未来在控制大气颗粒物的同时应特别注重硫沉降的协调控制.