地方性氟中毒环境地球化学病因的探讨

 氟中毒的发生与饮用水中氟离子的含量成正相关，但发病率的轻重又受到钙、镁离子的控制。研究表明：我国南方氟病地区青少年氟斑牙的发生，并非完全由煤烟氟污染玉米所致，而与南方平均气温高，病区人群长期大量饮用含氟和钙、镁离子偏低的水有关，特别是很少食用煤烟氟污染玉米的城市，这种相关性显得更加明显。     

烟道喷射石灰(石)烟气脱硫技术综述

本文介绍了近几年发展起来的一种简单、中效、适合燃烧中低硫煤的工业锅炉的烟气脱硫技术———烟道喷射石灰 (石 )烟气脱硫技术。从湿法、干法、半干法 3种工艺对烟道喷射烟气脱硫进行了介绍 ,并提出新型脱硫吸收剂是提高烟道脱硫效率的可行方法。最后指出烟道脱硫今后的研究方向     

Investigation of influence of tungsten mine wastes on the elemental composition of some alpine and subalpine plants on Mount Uludağ, Bursa,Turkey

In this study, the effect of mine work wastes on elemental composition (N, P, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) of some alpine and subalpine plant species and in soils were investigated in the surroundings of the Etibank Wolfram Mine Work in Uludag mountain. Soils and plant parts belonging to Thymus praecox Opiz., Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench, Plantago holosteum Scop and Festuca punctoria Sm species collected from three directions around Wolfram Mine Work were used for our investigations. All samples were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) for Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu. The significant differences among sample sites were in terms of pH, % CaCO3, % C, % N and % P contents of soil. The changes of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents in soil were determined to be due to mining activity. Of the four species examined, an important change was determined in concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn although P. holosteum and F. punctoria were different in above- and below-ground parts, showing that plant element content is specific to species.     

CO2和O3体积分数升高对银杏希尔反应活力和叶绿体ATP酶活性的影响

近年来,随着温室气体体积分数不断上升,研究CO2和O3体积分数升高对植物的影响已取得一定进展,但二者对植物的复合作用及生理研究不够深入。文章利用开顶式气室研究了大气CO2和O3体积分数升高对银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)光合特性的影响。结果表明,在整个生长季内,与对照相比,在大气CO2体积分数为700×10-6条件下,银杏叶片净光合速率显著增加(P<0.05),希尔反应活力增大,Ca2 /Mg2 -ATPase活性增强,光合产物可溶性糖和淀粉含量增多;而在O3体积分数为80×10-9的情况下,银杏叶片净光合速率下降,希尔反应活力减小,Ca2 /Mg2 -ATPase活性减弱,光合产物可溶性糖和淀粉含量减少;在CO2和O3复合作用(700×10-6 80×10-9)条件下,银杏叶片净光合速率、希尔反应活力、可溶性糖和淀粉均有所增加,且淀粉含量增加极显著(P<0.01),而Ca2 -ATPase活性先增强后减弱,Mg2 -ATPase活性先减弱后增强。说明CO2可缓解O3对银杏的负效应,而O3亦对CO2的正效应有削弱作用。     

铁对太湖常见藻类生长及Ca2+、Mg2+离子吸收的影响

相对于海水来说,淡水中铁的含量较高,但铁对淡水藻类的生长和营养吸收的影响还少有人进行研究.文章选取太湖水体中三种常见藻类铜绿微囊藻、小颤藻、四尾栅藻作为试验材料,重点研究培养基中铁浓度对其生长和吸收Ca2+、Mg2+离子的影响.结果表明,高铁浓度(30 000 nmol/L)抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,但对小颤藻和四尾栅藻的...     

投加不同碱性药剂对管网铁释放的影响

针对不同水源切换可能使管网铁释放增加而引起黄水的问题,搭建了管网模拟中试系统,比较了投加3种不同碱性药剂对管网铁释放的影响. 结果表明:①投加NaHCO₃调节进水碱度,当进水碱度为94~251 mg/L(以CaCO₃计)时,增加进水碱度能够有效抑制管网系统的铁释放,并且出水中ρ(TFe)(TFe为总铁)达到GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》(<30 mg/L). ②pH为7.83~9.01时,采用投加NaOH调节进水pH对管网铁释放无明显抑制作用甚至有所促进;而投加Ca(OH)₂调节进水pH虽然能够在一定程度上抑制管网铁释放,但抑制效果有限,不能保证出水中ρ(TFe)达标. ③当进水中ρ(SO₄2-)较低时,试验后期停止投加NaHCO₃或Ca(OH)₂后,管网系统铁释放能够维持在较低水平;但当进水中ρ(SO₄2-)较高时,停止投加NaHCO₃或Ca(OH)₂后,管网铁的释放又会明显升高.      

大气CO_2浓度升高对稻田土壤Ca、Mg含量的影响

为了研究稻田生态系统中土壤钙、镁元素生物地球化学循环对大气CO2浓度升高的响应。利用中国稻/麦轮作FACE（Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment）试验平台,研究大气CO2浓度升高（比周围大气高200μmol mol-1）对2007年稻季各生育期不同深度土壤溶液ρ（Ca）、ρ（Mg）的影响。结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高降低了5 cm处土壤溶液ρ（Ca）、ρ（Mg）,有增加稻季30、60和90 cm处土壤溶液ρ（Ca）的趋势,其增幅分别为18.3%、12.4%和15.3%;大气CO2浓度升高会增加稻季Ca淋溶损失风险;稻季不同深度土壤溶液ρ（Ca）、ρ（Mg）对大气CO2浓度升高的响应有所不同。稻田生态系统不同深度土壤Ca、Mg循环对大气CO2浓度升高的响应值得深入研究。     

天然消化道粘膜保护剂思密达的成分及物相分析

分析研究了天然消化道粘膜保护剂思密达的化学成分、物相组成和矿物形态,查明其基本矿物成分为钙钠质蒙脱石,系由天然膨润土经过精细加工而成。本实验结果有助于合理开发利用我国丰富的膨润土及其它药用矿石     

Modeling the Effect of Liming on Calcium Concentration in Swedish Lakes

To abate the severe acidification of Swedish lakes are about 7% directly limed (AL-lakes). These are important to include when assessing acidification. Consequently, we need to estimate their chemical status as if they were not lime-affected. We hypothesize that there is a spatial dependence for calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Spatial variation is determined using variograms. We study lakes within two 150 ∗ 150 km quadrates (EMEP150-grid) in the middle and southern parts of Sweden. We model Ca in AL-lakes using the Ca and Mg concentrations in nearby, unaffected lakes (UL-lakes). The mean Ca/Mg for the three or seven closest UL-lakes is used. We assume that Ca/Mg is constant for UL-lakes and that Mg unaltered by liming. For UL-lakes, Ca and Mg are spatially dependent. For AL-lakes, there is a spatial dependence for Mg, but, as anticipated, not for Ca. The modeled Ca for UL-lakes show a good correspondence with measured Ca; r ² > 0.6; slopes close to 1 and intercepts almost 0. Using three or seven nearby lakes when modeling Ca give similar results. Modeled Ca was higher than measured Ca for 36% (three closest lakes) and 38% (seven closest) of the modeled AL-lakes in the middle part of Sweden. The corresponding results for the southern part were 10% and 9%, respectively. This model is an acceptable estimator of Ca in limed lakes and for estimating critical loads and acidification status on an EMEP-scale.     

长期不同施肥对水稻土交换性钙、镁和有效硫、硅含量的影响

为探明合理施肥和土壤培肥的理论依据,研究了4种长期定位施肥(CK、NPK、OM30、OM60)对湖南主要水稻土交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硅含量的影响.结果表明,长期不同施肥改变了供试水稻土中上述养分的含量.在含钙较低的黄泥田、河沙泥、红黄泥中,施肥使土壤交换性钙含量显著升高,在相同土壤中其含量高低依序为OM30,OM60,NPK;在含钙较多的青灰泥、白鳝泥、紫潮泥中,施肥使土壤交换性钙含量降低.降低幅度与施入的有机肥量呈负相关.在黄泥田、河沙泥、青灰泥、白鳝泥、紫潮泥中,施肥使交换性镁含量降低,而在红黄泥中施肥则使交换性镁含量升高.N-PK处理使含硫较高的黄泥田、青灰泥、白鳝泥、紫潮泥有效硫含量升高,使含硫较低的红黄泥有效硫含量降低;有机、无机肥配施处理(OM30、OM60)使所有试验水稻土有效硫含量升高.施用钙镁磷肥和有机肥能够提高土壤有效硅含量.