垃圾填埋场稳定化研究（Ⅰ）

通过填埋场的实验室规模的模拟实验，研究了负温和低温条件下城市生活垃圾的降解行为。经８个月的阵解，发现含水率、污泥的加入以及高温均有利于位圾降解。菜类垃圾的降解率为５０％以上：而含水率为６０％的混合垃圾，降解率为２０％以下。测定了单位垃圾产生的气体和浸取液量以及浸取液的化学耗氧量、含水率和无机残渣。讨论了本工作在寒区填埋场工艺设计的实践意义。     

金汞齐富集—冷原子吸收法测定大气中的微量汞

本文介绍了大气中微量汞的一种监测方法,利用汞富集解析器富集大气中的微量汞.解析后用冷原子吸收法测定.研究了FJ-1型汞富集解析器与WYX-405原子吸收分光光度计联用的工作条件,相对标准偏差为1.7％.     

渐开线内花键冷挤成形工艺与模具

此文介绍了汽车起动机单向器导筒的渐开线内花键的冷挤成形的工艺及模具.该工艺克服了传统切屑加工所带来的弊端,模具结构简单、新颖.同时该工艺还可推广应用到内斜齿轮的冷挤成形上.     

Assessment of thermal stratification within stream pools as a mechanism to provide refugia for native trout in hot, arid rangelands

Native trout species, such as the redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), occupy thermally harsh stream habitats in hot, arid rangeland basins of the western United States. Declines in the distribution and abundance of these species has generated interest in understanding how these cold water species survive in these systems, as well as in identifying opportunities to restore these species to their former ranges. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for thermal stratification to provide thermal refuge for redband trout in stream pools characterized by warm intermittent flow conditions on arid rangelands. We studied vertical thermal stratification in two pools during three summers on Boles Creek located on the Modoc Plateau in extreme northeastern California. Water and air temperature data were collected on a 0.5 h time step from 15-Jun through 15-Sep during 1996, 1997, and 2000 using commercial temperature data-loggers. Water temperature was measured at the top (0.3 m below pool surface) and bottom (0.3 m above pool substrates) of each pool. Vertical thermal stratification occurred within these pools creating conditions as much as 7.6 ˚C cooler and consistently more constant at the bottom of pools compared to pool surface waters. Thermal stratification was dependent upon air temperature with the magnitude of stratification increasing as air temperature increased. The magnitude of thermal stratification varied significantly from year to year, likely reflecting variation in annual weather conditions. The thermal regime in the study pools was often near the upper lethal limit reported for redband trout, but temperatures at the bottom of these pools did offer refuge from lethal temperatures realized near the pool surface. Temperatures at pool bottom were consistently above optimal levels published for redbands.     

应用PCR-DGGE技术分析黄海冷水团海域的细菌群落组成

利用PCR-DGGE技术对2个季节(2006-04和2006-10)的黄海冷水团海域的细菌群落组成和优势菌群进行了分析.通过软件Glyko Bandscan分析DGGE图谱,4月份所有站位的条带数相近(约17条),多样性丰富;10月份,在冷水团范围以内站位的条带约16条,其多样性也较丰富;而在冷水团范围以外站位的条带少(约12条),其多样性较低.细菌16S rDNAV3区特征片段经DGGE分离、条带切割,共得到24条条带,克隆、测序后,进行系统进化分析,结果显示这24条带分别归属于2个细菌类群:变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroides).在24条序列中有16条分别与变形细菌亚群的γ和δ-Proteobacteria相似,有5条与拟杆菌门相似.时空分析发现,4月份所有站位水体(海水温度为7-12℃)的细菌群落组成和10月份(冷水团存在期)冷水团内部水体(海水温度低于10℃)的细菌群落组成相同(都包括γ-Proteobacteria、δ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroides),与10月份冷水团外部水体(海水温度大于19℃)的(包括γ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroides)不同.优势菌群也存在同样的分布特点,4月份所有站位水体的优势菌群与10月份冷水团内部水体的优势菌群也相同(都是γ-Proteobacteria),而10月份冷水团外部水体不同的站位优势菌群不同.该海域细菌群落组成和优势菌群的分布特点,可能与冷水团的形成有一定的相关性.     

苏玛罐采样-GC-FID/MS同时测定环境空气中多种VOCs

采用苏玛罐采样-大气预浓缩仪结合气相冷柱箱与Deans Switch中心切割技术,将C 2~C 3组分切割至HP-PLOT/Q+PT柱,用FID检测器分析,其余组分通过DB-1柱子分离后进入质谱分析,实现1次进样同时测定环境空气中57种PAMS和65种TO-15。结果表明:108种VOCs在0.15 nmol/mol~8.0 nmol/mol范围内线性良好,检出限为0.04μg/m^3~2.8μg/m^3,相对响应因子的RSD<30%。     

延长冷挤压凸模使用寿命的研究

W6Mo5Cr4V2钢冷挤压凸模,应用1200℃淬火、560℃回火三次,磨削加工,软氮化和滚压的复合强化工艺,可以改善其表面凹凸状况,产生较大的残余压应力,使其寿命得到大幅度提高。     

采用合理毛坯形状可以消除缩孔

此文应用金属塑性变形理论对冷挤压中的缩孔形成机理进行了定性分析,分别论述了工艺改进前的毛坯形状对金属流动规律的影响和工艺改进后的毛坯形状对金属流动规律的影响,找到了缩孔的形成原因和消除缩孔的解决办法。此文对解决原材料浪费问题和提高产品质量均有实用价值。     

采用大变形弹塑性有限元法对带材异步冷轧过程的数值模拟

此文采用纠正的拉格朗日列式和基于弹塑性乘法分解的超弹性塑性本构关系,对铝带在不同轧制条件下的异步冷轧过程进行了大变形弹塑性有限元模拟.结果表明,在异步轧制时,轧制力对工作辊辊径的变化表现出非敏感性,而且由于搓轧区的存在,使得变形区内静水压力的绝对值比同步轧制时要小得多.     

轴承套圈挤压凸模失效分析及改进措施

针对目前大多轴承厂家的套圈的冷挤压过程中,凸模头部损坏非常突出的情况,对各工艺作出具体的分析,并提出解决措施.