南京市某城镇污水处理厂运行问题分析及对策

随着大量污水处理厂的建成投运,中国污水处理事业的重心必然会从以建设为主转向建设与运行并重,运行管理将发挥越来越重要的作用。文中以南京市某城镇污水处理厂为例,分析该污水处理厂运行过程COD、NH^3-N排放超标问题,并提出对策(健全配套污水收集管网,提升工艺参数DO、NO^3-、NO^2-的控制水平,规范运行台账管理等),以期为其他城镇污水处理厂的运行管理提供参考。     

Computerised Decision Support Systems for the management of freshwater radioecological emergencies: assessment of the state-of-the-art with respect to the experiences and needs of end-users

Assessment of the environmental and radiological consequences of a nuclear accident requires the management of a great deal of data and information as well as the use of predictive models. Computerised Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are essential tools for this kind of complex assessment and for assisting experts with a rational decision process. The present work focuses on the assessment of the main features of selected state-of-the-art CDSS for off-site management of freshwater ecosystems contaminated by radionuclides. This study involved both developers and end-users of the assessed CDSS and was based on practical customisation exercises, installation and application of the decision systems. Potential end-users can benefit from the availability of several ready-to-use CDSS that allow one to run different kinds of models aimed at predicting the behaviour of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems, evaluating doses to humans, assessing the effectiveness of different kinds of environmental management interventions and ranking these interventions, accounting for their social, economic and environmental impacts. As a result of the present assessment, the importance of CDSS “integration” became apparent: in many circumstances, different CDSS can be used as complementary tools for the decision-making process. The results of this assessment can also be useful for the future development and improvement of the CDSS.     

Case-control and cross-sectional methods for estimating crash modification factors: comparisons from roadway lighting and lane and shoulder width safety effect studies

Problem

While observational before-after studies are considered the industry standard for developing crash modification factors (CMFs), there are practical limitations that may preclude their use in highway safety analysis. There is a need to explore alternative methods for estimating CMFs.

Method

This paper employs case-control and cross-sectional analyses to estimate CMFs for fixed roadway lighting and the allocation of lane and shoulder widths.

Results

Based on the case-control method, the CMF for intersection lighting is 0.886, while the cross-sectional study indicates a CMF of 0.881. The CMFs developed for lane and shoulder widths are also similar when comparing the two methods.

Conclusions

This paper suggests that case-control and cross-sectional studies produce consistent results if care is taken in the study design and model development.

Impact on industry

Case-control and cross-sectional studies may provide a viable alternative to estimate CMFs when a before-after study is impractical due to data restrictions.     

国内持久性有机污染物的污染现状与对策建议

介绍了国内 POPs物质的来源及污染现状 ,综述了国内针对 POPs物质的监测、控制技术 ,并就当前存在的问题提出了对策与建议 ,指出了该领域的发展方向。     

收缴易制毒化学品环境无害化销毁主要问题及对策

随着我国合成毒品的泛滥和易制毒化学品收缴量的激增,收缴易制毒化学品的环境无害化销毁成为环境保护工作需要关注的一个新领域。文章概述了当前我国收缴易制毒化学品的基本特性及其销毁现状,分析了销毁过程的环境风险及目前存在的主要问题,提出了相应的解决对策,以期为推进我国收缴易制毒化学品环境无害化销毁工作提供参考。     

城市环境污染治理设施运营管理的探讨

以哈尔滨市为例,现行管理模式存在资金压力运营能力薄弱、工作质量不佳等问题,阻碍环境污染治理工作有效进行。起步较晚的市场化管理模式能够实现环境污染治理设施的正常运转和污染物达标排放,但还处于较低水平,建议通过加强法制建设、建立激励政策、加强对运营机构的监管和采取双赢机制提高环境污染治理设施运营管理的市场化。     

十四世纪以来我国地震次生水灾的研究

地震对于水利设施除直接造成堤防、堰坝等水工建筑物的破坏外,还可能形成堰塞湖,以及引发其他自然变异并形成水灾。在某些情况下,地震次生水灾所造成的损失比地震本身的损失还要大。本文在分析地震史料和重点现场查勘的基础上,将地震次生水灾从成因上和破坏机制上划分为六大类;提出了地震次生水灾的重点防范区;总结了地震次生水灾的特点;以及针对这些特点所应采取的减灾对策。     

城市防洪标准及对策的探讨

本文分析了我国城市防洪存在的问题,并对防洪对策提出了建议,指出了通过防洪效益最优化确定城市防洪标准的方法。     

1917年华北大水初析

本文依据1917年前后华北已有的气象站观测资料,以及大量的报纸等档案资料,对该年华北大水的雨情、水情、灾情及成灾原因与对策作了论证。     

黑龙江省主要灾害与减灾战略初探

黑龙江省是全国受灾最重、损失最大的省份之一。本文对其40年来主要灾害—农业灾害、森林火灾、地震灾害、城市灾害作了概略的介绍,通过统计及其规律的探讨与分析,提出了未来10年灾害预测,并作出了减灾的战略目标和实施对策。