南水北调中线水源地不同植被类型坡地土壤水分特征研究——以秦岭南坡宁陕县寨沟小流域为例

为了解不同植被类型土壤水资源的变化规律,选择南水北调中线水源区宁陕县寨沟区域典型植被针阔混交林、针叶林、板栗林、灌木林、荒坡草地和坡耕地为研究对象,通过样地调查与实验分析的方法对其土壤水分物理特征及有机质含量进行测定研究.结果表明,各种有林地的土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质等理化特征均优于荒坡和坡耕地;针阔混交林土壤含水量最高,蓄水能力明显好于其它植被类型;在垂直剖面上,各种植被类型坡地土壤含水量和饱和蓄水量随土壤深度的增加基本呈递减趋势,但有林地下降幅度较大,表层含水量明显高于荒坡与坡耕地表层.由此可见,在涵养水源方面,针阔混交林最好,针叶林、板栗林与灌木林次之,荒坡与坡耕地较差.     

高校财务价值链管理的特征分析与内容

在价值链概念的基础上提出高校财务价值链的特征和内容．通过如何在资金筹集价值链、资金运用价值链和资金调控价值链三个环节实现价值增值，为适时地调整高校的财务战略，合理地进行财务资源配置服务．     

Optimal patch time allocation for time-limited foragers

The Charnov Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) predicts the optimal foraging duration of animals exploiting patches of resources. The predictions of this model have been verified for various animal species. However, the model is based on several assumptions that are likely too simplistic. One of these assumptions is that animals are living forever (i.e., infinite horizon). Using a simple dynamic programming model, we tested the importance of this assumption by analysing the optimal strategy for time-limited foragers. We found that, for time-limited foragers, optimal patch residence times should be greater than those predicted from the classic, static MVT, and the deviation should increase when foragers are approaching the end of their life. These predictions were verified for females of the parasitoid Anaphes victus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) exploiting egg patches of its host, the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). As predicted by the model, females indeed remained for a longer time on host patches when they approached the end of their life. Experimental results were finally analysed with a Cox regression model to identify the patch-leaving decision rules females used to behave according to the model’s predictions.     

Static modeling of dynamic recreation behavior: Implications for prediction and welfare estimation

This paper examines the consequences of using a static model of recreation trip-taking behavior when the underlying decision problem is dynamic. Specifically we examine the implications for trip forecasting and welfare estimation using a panel dataset of Lake Michigan salmon anglers for the 1996 and 1997 fishing seasons. We derive and estimate both a structural dynamic model using Bellman's equation, and a reduced-form static model with trip probability expressions mimicking those of the dynamic model. We illustrate an inherent identification problem in the reduced-form model that creates biased welfare estimates, and we discuss the general implications of this for the interpretation of preference parameters in static models. We then use both models to simulate trip taking behavior and show that although their in-sample trip forecasts are similar, their welfare estimates and out-of-sample forecasts are quite different.     

广东省土壤肥料技术推广体系创新的思考

总结了广东省20多年来土壤肥料技术推广工作的成绩，阐述了土壤肥料技术推广工作的特点，提出了广东省土壤肥料技术推广体系创新的思路。     

A dynamic trait affects continuous pair assessment in the blue-footed booby,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Sula nebouxii</Emphasis>

Bright colours of male birds have often been shown to be the target of sexual selection through female choice, yet few studies have looked at the role of colour expressed after pairing on female motivation and behaviour. Here we analyse the role of an integumentary colour in the spectral range of 400–700 nm, the foot colour in male blue-footed boobies, Sula nebouxii, which is prominently displayed during pair courtship. Measurements early in the breeding season showed that foot colour of courting males is pale (high values of brightness) and has an aqua-blue chroma, and females in better body condition were mated to males with brighter feet. We carried out an experimental manipulation which modified the foot colour of males in courtship, making it closer to the foot colour of males in low nutritional state. We found that females paired to experimental males courted less and were less likely to copulate than females in the control group. Male behaviour was apparently unaffected by the manipulation; thus the change in female behaviour can be attributed exclusively to foot colour manipulation. These results strongly support the hypothesis of female preference for an integumentary colour and suggest that this dynamic trait is used as a male ornament after pairing.Communicated by J. Graves     

南岳珍稀濒危植物的调查研究

在南岳野生植物中,珍稀濒危植物主要是指国家级保护植物,共有13种,其中一级2种,二级11种,它们是金钱松Pseudolarix amabilis (Nelson) Rehd.,篦子三尖杉Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast.,南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei (Lemeé et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu,榉树Zelkova Schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.,樟树Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl,闽楠Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang,伯乐树Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl,绒毛皂荚Gleditsia.japonica Miq.var. velutina L.C.Li,野大豆Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.,花榈木Ormosia henryi Prain,毛红椿Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) Roem.var.pubescens (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.,喜树Camptotheca acuminata Decne.,以及香果树等,本文主要介绍他们的分类位置、形态特征和地理分布状况,分析了它们的区系特征,提出应该尽快建立南岳国家级野生保护植物的核心或者优先保护地段、建立珍稀濒危植物的地理信息系统、研究其生物学和生态学特性以及采取就地或迁地保护措施来保存等对策.     

经济野生动物养殖管窥之见

本文对我国经济动物养殖业具有的高投入高产出,市场行情变化大,风险大,需要较特殊的养殖技术,以及易被炒种形成“养殖热”等特点进行了精辟的论述,并从此出发分析了经济野生动物的养殖必须具备足够的资金,懂法守法,懂得养殖技术,有较好的环境条件,种原优质和掌握市场行情等条件,对于我国经济动物养殖业大起大落以及产品价廉质差滞销的原因进行了深入分析,并就如何健康发展经济动物养殖业提出了针对性措施。     

厌氧颗粒污泥的性能研究

对接种市政消化污泥EGSB反应器内所形成的颗粒污泥在低浓度(100～500 mg/L)、低温(8～15℃)、微氧(氧化还原电位为380～400 mV)等条件下的沉速、粒径、活性、形态等性能进行研究.结果表明:厌氧中温(35℃左右)稳定运行时,颗粒污泥的沉速较大,在低温或微氧时,颗粒污泥的沉速相对较低,但都能维持在15 m/h以上,不会被冲出反应器而造成污泥的流失.低温时大颗粒污泥所占重量百分比在逐渐增加,微氧使得颗粒污泥粒径分配更加均匀.低温时,颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性明显降低,降幅为55.5%;但微量氧的加入并没有使EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性降低,反而提高了10%.中温稳定运行时,颗粒污泥规则、密实,微生物菌群中甲烷八叠球菌明显增多.低温时,颗粒污泥的表面和内部微生物排列都比较松散,而且出现大量微生物胞外分泌物;低温中高浓度时,甲烷八叠球菌没有出现,鬃毛甲烷菌属占优势.微氧时颗粒污泥同样是规则、密实的,菌种更加丰富,颗粒表面和内部的优势菌群不同,但在中高浓度时没有出现甲烷八叠球菌的明显优势.     

NOAA／AVHRR数据在植被生态环境监测中的应用探讨

介绍了ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ数据的特点。对利用ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ数据进行植被生态监测的原理及方法进行了探讨。并对该领域的最新成果及应用前景给予了论述，提出在新疆荒漠区进行监测的步骤和可能性。