Comparative effects of different maize straw returning modes on soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in Northeast China

In order to evaluate the effects of different maize straw returning modes on humus composition and humic acid (HA) structural, a field experiment was designed to have five treatments, i.e. Treatment CK (no straw returned), Treatment EIS (straw incorporated evenly into the soil using the crashing-ridging technique), Treatment SP (straw plowed into the soil), Treatment SM (straw returned as mulch) and Treatment SG (straw returned as pellets). Our results showed that Treatment EIS significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil humus substances (HEC), soil humic acid carbon (HAC) and fulvic acid carbon (FAC) by 27.8%, 47.6%, 63.3% and 33.8%, respectively, as compared with CK. Among all the straw returning treatments, Treatment EIS was the most significant in effect of increasing the content of HEC, HAC and FAC. Moreover, Treatment EIS altered the composition of humus more significantly than all the other treatments, by increasing the proportion of alkyl C and the ratio of aliphatic C/aromatic C. These results suggest that straw returning accelerated the accumulation of soil organic C and various components of humus, significantly improved the structure of soil HA, with the practice of EIS in particular.     

干湿季节下再生水补给河流的溶解性有机物组成特征及其与致病菌基因的相互关系

水体中溶解性有机物（DOM）对各种类型污染物的迁移转化具有重要影响.为了考察干湿季节下再生水补给水体的DOM分子多样性变化及其主要成分对致病菌分布及迁移的影响,本研究以北京两个典型的再生水补给水体（清河和沙河水库）为对象,分别在旱季和雨季采集水样,采用三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）、平行因子分析（PARAFAC）、光谱指数（FI、HIX和BIX）和¹H-NMR等方法分析水样的DOM,并采用定量PCR测定目标致病菌基因（ecfX、mcr1、gltA、tcpA和23S rDNA）的相对丰度.结果发现,清河和沙河水库水样的DOM分别为5个和4个组分,主要以自生源为主,且微生物活性较高,降雨会导致腐殖酸类有机质的输入.¹H-NMR分析表明,清河和沙河水库水样中DOM有6个氢核基团,旱季以烷氧基和脂肪族羟基基团为主,雨季则以羧基或芳香环氢核基团为主.相关性分析结果表明,旱季致病菌基因的相对丰度与DOM特征组分的相关性较弱;雨季DOM更利于与致病菌表面吸附,致病菌基因的相对丰度与CH₃、CH、CHO/N、H_Ar、H_p和CH-α呈显著相关性（p<0.05）.     

夏季巢湖入湖河流溶解性有机质来源及其空间变化

使用紫外-可见光吸收光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEM-PARAFAC）,分析了2019年夏季巢湖流域丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河、兆河和南淝河水体溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源及其空间变化.结果表明,南淝河DOM吸收特征参数SUVA₂₅₄显著低于其它河流,而光谱斜率比S_R显著高于杭埠河,表明城市污染物径流排入降低了南淝河水体DOM的芳香性,但对其分子量影响较低.南淝河DOM荧光指数（FI）和生物源指数（BIX）大于其它河流,而腐殖化指数（HIX）低于其它河流,指示其DOM自生源高于其它河流.使用EEM-PARAFAC从河流DOM中提取出4种类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和2种内源类蛋白荧光组分（C5、C6）,其中,类腐殖质组分包括陆源有机质（C1、C3和C4）和微生物降解产物（C2）.沿河流方向,5条河流河水溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、 a（355）和DOM荧光组分呈不同的空间变化特征,其中丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河和兆河DOM受农田土壤径流输入影响明显,而南淝河DOM主要受城市污染物径流和污水处理厂出水影响.     

A New Approach for the Flocculation Mechanism of Chitosan

A peak III/I ratio (_peak) in pyrene-fluorescence spectrum was used to measure the polarity of microenvironment of chitosan adsorbing pyrene molecules. The authors detected the pyrene-fluorescence spectrum of chitosan with different degrees of deacetylation (DD) and determined the relationship between the flocculation of bentonite colloid and the _peak of chitosan with a different molecular weight (MW) and DD. It can be concluded that MW rather than DD plays a key role in the flocculation and that bond bridging rather than charge neutralization dominates the flocculation with chitosan from a microenvironmental structure of view.     

定日镜的风压分布与脉动特性

定日镜结构的形体特殊,不同于普通的建筑结构.采用表面测压技术对定日镜模型进行了三维风荷载风洞试验,得到了各测点风向角0°～180°范围内,竖向角为0°～90°情况下,镜面平均风压和脉动风压的分布,重点探讨了镜面脉动风压特性.研究结果表明脉动风荷载功率谱变化受湍流风速和旋涡脱落的影响,并与斯托哈罗数有关;镜面正反两侧脉动风压主要呈正相关特性,在顺风向情况下相关系数较小,横风向情况下相关系数较大;风向角及竖向转角较小时,脉动风压更好地符合高斯分布.     

起重机结构疲劳剩余寿命评估方法研究

针对机械结构的主要破坏形式——疲劳破坏,以桥式起重机焊接箱形主梁为研究对象,根据断裂力学Paris-Erdogan方程,结合Miner疲劳损伤累积理论,应用实验所得数据,推导出疲劳剩余寿命公式。采集不同类型,不同额定起重量起重机一段时间内相应起重量的工作次数数据,以模拟出危险点处相应的载荷谱。以VC++为开发平台,研制完成桥式起重机疲劳剩余寿命评估软件。该软件可模拟实现普通、铸造桥式起重机的疲劳剩余寿命估算,并与实验结果进行比较,表明具有较高的吻合性和实用性。     

Influence of Social, Biophysical, and Managerial Conditions on Tourism Experiences Within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area

N  = 1475) traveling with tourism operations of different sizes who traveled to different sites completed surveys. Results indicated that snorkelers who traveled with larger operations (more people and infrastructure) differed from those traveling with smaller operations (few people and little on-site infrastructure) on benefits received and in the way that specific conditions influenced their enjoyment. Benefits related to nature, escape, and family helped to define reef experiences. Conditions related to coral, fish, and operator staff had a positive influence on the enjoyment of most visitors but, number of people on the trip and site infrastructure may have the greatest potential as setting indicators. Data support the potential usefulness of visitor input in applying the LAC concept to a marine environment where tourism and recreational uses are rapidly changing.     

工业园区典型VOCs污染过程精细化溯源

以上海某化工工业园区为目标区域,针对典型的大气VOCs污染过程,通过耦合高时间分辨率GC-MS在线监测、拉格朗日大气扩散模型、VOCs源谱及相似度分析等技术手段,开展了小尺度大气VOCs的精细化溯源.结果表明,针对敏感点监测到的VOCs高值时刻,拉格朗日大气扩散模型能够追踪主要的气团来向及企业潜在贡献,空间分辨率达到1...     

海军现役飞机的腐蚀损伤失效分析及腐蚀防护

根据海军机场的环境特点,对高强度铝合金材料的涂层有效期及基体材料的腐蚀损伤失效过程进行了研究,建立了腐蚀损伤与加速腐蚀日历时间的关系函数,提出了海军现役飞机外场腐蚀控制的具体技术措施。     

荧光法研究二丁基锡与人血清白蛋白结合机理

为了摸清二丁基锡(DBT)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)在分子水平上的结合机理,采用荧光光谱法分析船舶防螺涂料中主要防污成分———三丁基锡(TBT)化合物的降解产物二丁基锡(DBT)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互结合的方式与程度。研究结果表明,DBT与HAS浓度比<3时,DBT化合物与HSA是通过形成复合物的方式使HSA产生的静态猝灭;DBT对HSA分子两个内源性荧光贡献者色氨酸残基和酪氨酸残基的微区构象有影响。研究结果为研究DBT与HSA之间的相互作用关系提供理论依据。