基于完全因素分解法的能源效率影响因素研究

“十二五”是我国全面建成小康社会的关键阶段,又由于环境和资源禀赋方面的制约,提高能源效率成为我国经济和社会发展的内在需求.从能源强度的角度出发,分析了我国产业结构和能源效率现状,采用完全因素分解法,从产业结构的角度人手对全国能源效率的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,技术因素是我国能源效率提高的主要推动力,第二产业对能源效率的影响远远大于第一和第三产业.     

水体汞光还原研究进展

汞的光还原是影响水生系统汞迁移转化的重要过程.光还原产生的溶解性气态汞会通过水气界面向大气挥发.该过程可以减轻水体汞负荷,降低汞被甲基化的风险,对全球汞循环具有重要意义.水生系统中汞的光还原过程十分复杂,影响因素较多,是汞环境地球化学行为研究的重点和热点.目前科学家在这方面已做了大量研究,但许多结论与建议还存在争议,对其还原机制也还不清楚.本文总结了近年来水体汞光还原过程的研究进展;分析了水生系统中影响汞光还原过程的主要因素;评述了水汞光还原研究存在的问题;提出了水体汞光还原的研究焦点与方向.     

爆破制浆工业化生产产污源强研究

介绍在工业化生产条件下爆破制浆产物源强,分析了不同加碱量对产污源强的影响。确定在工业化生产条件下最佳加碱量(石灰)为25 kg/t(折CaO12.5 kg/t),此时可溶性COD产生量为332kg/t。在此条件下,采用生产废水污污分流,提取黑液蒸发浓缩燃烧或综合利用,中段水采用混凝沉淀+水解酸化+好氧生化工艺处理,使废水排放COD浓度达100mg/L。     

对一株海洋发光细菌保存方法的探究

从乌贼体表及内脏中提取一株海洋发光细菌,进行分离、纯化。通过四种不同保存方法对该株发光菌进行保存,测定了发光菌在存活期内的相对发光强度,探讨了最佳保存方法,比较发现:低温甘油法可在短期内替代条件苛刻的冷冻干燥法,可保存至少一年,沙土管保存法发光菌复苏效果差,不适宜保存发光菌,常温石蜡保存在实验室条件下可短期保存半年。     

An International Comparative Analysis on China’s Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

Abstract

In this paper, the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries. Then, the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change, so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth. This study concludes that: First, there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries. With the convergence in per capita GDP gap, the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge, and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former, i.e. if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%, the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%. Second, the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure, the rising of energy prices, the advances of technology, and the expansion of investment in fixed assets, and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI. Third, the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment, energy prices, and technological progress between China and eight developed countries, yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI, and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure. Fourth, the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap, whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors, such as difference in investment, technology, and the competition mechanism of prices, which can determine the difference in economic growth, can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

Industrial layout reconstruction,the role of local government and variation of pollution distribution in China

ABSTRACT

In recent years, high-polluting industries have been gradually shifted from the eastern developed regions to the central and western underdeveloped regions in China. Certain environmental regulations have been in place accordingly in various regions, but the pollution in the central and western regions has risen sharply. Based on the data of interprovincial panel in China from 2006 to 2015, this paper calculates high-pollution industry dynamic agglomeration index, environmental pollution agglomeration index and relative environmental regulation intensity index, and uses Generalized Method of Moments to carry out the regression analyses of the whole samples, regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between relative environmental regulation and environmental pollution concentration in China. The concentration degrees of industrial wastewater pollution and industrial waste gas pollution are deepened, which are mainly caused by the transfer of highly polluting industries. However, the concentration of industrial solid waste pollution caused by the transfer is not obvious. Furthermore, the deepening of industrialization intensifies the concentration of regional environmental pollution. Environmental Kuznets Curve does exist in China, but it is not significant. The increase of labor cost and quality will reduce the concentration of environmental pollution.     

电磁辐射测量仪对测量结果的影响分析

目前国内外对环境电磁波的测量仪器主要分为两类,分别是选频式和非选频式。选频式仪器由各类测量接收机或频谱分析仪和接收天线组成,其不适于非周期信号测量。非选频式仪器由各类全向型探头和主机组成,适用于周期和非周期信号的环境电磁波测量,但这类仪器动态范围不高。本文采用了两种不同的测量仪器,分别以单频连续波和调制脉冲为激励信号进行比较分析。结果表明：随着测量信号电平增加,两种仪器测量结果数据趋于一致。而在用两种标准的不同方法计算某一频段的复合场强时,其数值有较大差异。     

The effects of forest harvest intensity in combination with wind disturbance on carbon dynamics in Lake States Mesic Forests

Total forest carbon (C) storage is determined by succession, disturbances, climate, and the edaphic properties of a site or region. Forest harvesting substantially affects C dynamics; these effects may be amplified if forest harvesting is intensified to provide biofuel feedstock. We tested the effects of harvest intensity on landscape C using a simulation modeling approach that included C dynamics, multiple disturbances, and successional changes in composition. We developed a new extension for the LANDIS-II forest landscape disturbance and succession model that incorporates belowground soil C dynamics derived from the CENTURY soil model. The extension was parameterized and calibrated using data from an experimental forest in northeastern Wisconsin, USA. We simulated a 9800 ha forested landscape over 400 years with wind disturbance combined with no harvesting, harvesting with residual slash left on site (‘standard harvest’), and whole-tree harvesting. We also simulated landscapes without wind disturbance and without eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to examine the effects of detrital quantity and quality on C dynamics. We estimated changes in live C, detrital C, soil organic C, total C, and forest composition. Overall, the simulations without harvesting had substantially greater total C and continued to sequester C. Standard harvest simulations had more C than the whole tree harvest simulations. Under both harvest regimes, C accrual was not evident after 150 years. Without hemlock, SOC was reduced due to a decline in detritus and a shift in detrital chemistry. In conclusion, if the intensity of harvesting increases we can expect a corresponding reduction in potential C storage. Compositional changes due to historic circumstances (loss of hemlock) may also affect forest C although to a lesser degree than harvesting. The modeling approach presented enabled us to consider multiple, interacting drivers of landscape change and the subsequent changes in forest C.     

基于MMAS-BP的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测

为提高煤与瓦斯突出强度的预测精度及预测速度,用最大最小蚂蚁系统和BP神经网络相结合的方法进行预测模型设计。根据煤与瓦斯突出强度及其主要影响因素之间的关系数据,建立其神经网络的预测模型。以网络的权值和阈值为自变量,网络误差为目标函数,通过蚁群算法的迭代运算,搜索出误差的全局最小值,以实现BP神经网络的初始权值、阈值优化,并用优化后的网络进行瓦斯突出强度的预测。实例结果表明,MMAS-BP算法的预测值均方差为0.089,约为BP神经网络的0.1倍,且输出稳定性好,适用于煤与瓦斯突出强度的预测。     

2000-2007年省级区域自然灾害灾情分析

自然灾害是严重影响人民正常生产生活、国家经济持续发展的突发公共事件。区域自然灾害评估对于做好防灾减灾工作有着重要的意义。对区域灾情进行了综合评估,归纳总结了区域灾情分布规律。选择受灾人口、死亡人口、紧急转移安置人口、农作物受灾面积、农作物绝收面积、倒塌房屋、损坏房屋和直接经济损失等8个基本指标参与区域灾情评估,并利用灾情综合指数法构建了灾情指数,其中绝对指数反映了区域灾情的绝对强度,相对指数反映了区域灾情对当地社会经济的影响程度。用灾情指数综合评估了我国东、中、西部三大地带以及省级区域的灾情强度和空间分布规律,认为西部区域受灾程度最大,自然灾害对其的影响程度最深,其次是中部地区和东部地区;文章利用综合灾情的绝对指数和相对指数的对应关系,将我国大陆地区的31个省级单元划分为4类地区,即灾情总量较大且对本地影响较大、灾情总量较大但对本地影响较小、灾情总量较小但对本地影响较大以及灾情总量较小且对本地影响较小等4种类型。文章给出的灾情区域分布规律符合灾害系统理论,特别反映了承灾体的暴露度、脆弱性和抗灾能力是区域灾情强度的决定因素。评估结果与区域实际情况相符,说明所给出的灾情指数评估法是评估区域灾情强弱的合理有效方法。