环境保护档案主题词初步探讨

《环境保护档案主题词表》于1995年出版,它对规范环境保护档案的管理、加快办公自动化和现代化建设都起到了重要的作用,但是由于环境保护事业发展迅速,近年来又出现一批新的环境保护档案主题词,出现频率高,影响很大。因此必须尽快收集整理,在档案管理中应用,并为主题词表再版做准备。     

新型安全管理模式——HSE管理体系的理念与模式研究

笔者提出了建立适合市场经济条件的、新型安全管理模式的设想 ;介绍和研究了国内外大型石油公司实行的健康、安全与环境管理体系 (HSE管理体系 )的理念、模式与实施方法。HSE模式是国外石油公司面对频繁发生的事故 ,经冷静反思后 ,自发自愿建立 ,并逐步完善的一种管理体系 ,因而其安全理念和管理模式对市场经济下的各类企业均有一定的指导和借鉴意义。HSE体制将政府的安全管理 ,转变为企业行为。HSE管理体系的建立 ,为企业提供了以系统理论为指导、融合全面质量管理等理念的一种新型现代安全管理方法。     

区域化变量理论在历史洪涝灾害空间格局重建中的应用──以长江流域1736-1911年洪涝灾害为例

通过构造一个例子,简介了区域化变量理论的基本原理、计算过程及其在洪涝灾害空间格局重建中的优点。依据区域化变量理论,以长江流域1736～1911年洪涝灾害为实例,重建了长江流域历史时期洪涝灾害的基本空间格局．     

浅析全球变暖的成因与人类健康

论述了全球变暖是当前人类所面临的一个最为严重的环境问题。这种日趋恶化的环境的产生与人类的各种活动是息息相关的, 环境的恶化必将给人类的健康带来最为严重的后果。     

对灾害研究中几个问题的思考

对灾害研究中有关的几个问题进行了探讨。认为： 灾害学是最重要的自然社会科学; 人文灾害比自然灾害更具毁灭性; 研究人文灾害中的公路交通事故、核战争问题、人口问题、环境污染问题等具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

Development of a database of landfills and dump sites in Asian countries

This article briefly summarizes the limited landfill/dump information available for developing Asian countries, and introduces a database that aims to close the information gap through collecting and sharing data. Developing nations usually try to adapt the systems and technologies of developed countries. However, this approach may not be appropriate because of differences in socioeconomic, cultural, and political backgrounds. Many waste management projects fail after operations are transferred to local authorities owing to a lack of funds to cover the high operational expenses. Some successful projects have been adapted to local conditions, although the information on these successes is not often available for others. Nevertheless, only a few developing countries even have a national inventory of their dumps/landfills, and decision-makers have little awareness of the dumps and their impacts. The database introduced here will gather landfill/dump information from each country and organize it in a comparable format, and it will then be published on the Internet.     

地表移动与变形预计在矿山开发项目环境影响评价中的应用

阐述了地表移动与变形预计理论在矿山开发项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性，着重介绍了典型曲线预计法建立的方法及预计的步骤．     

基于可变模糊集理论及其模型的水利规划环境影响综合评价

地区水利规划环评处于起步阶段，存在评价形式化、方法单一化以及指标权重确定的主观性较强等问题。针对以往评价中的不足，提出了运用可变模糊集理论及其模型进行综合评价的方法。以江苏省水利发展规划作为研究实例，建立指标体系，采用模糊聚类循环迭代模型进行主客观综合指标权重的计算；从重点工程空间布局角度出发，运用调整后的可变模糊识别模型进行各市环境影响的相对优属度计算。结果表明，全省规划方案的环境影响相对优属度大于现状和零方案，南通市的相对优属度最大，其次是苏州和无锡。与层次分析法进行对比，该理论及其模型适用于地区水利规划环境影响综合评价     

Towards safety,hygiene and environmental (SHE) management in African small and medium companies

Although Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) principles are adhered to in companies of developed countries, the application in developing countries is at its infant stage, as shown by the present article where the authors surveyed SHE Practice in 242 companies of 8 West-African countries.     

Ecotoxicity evaluation of selected sulfonamides

Sulfonamides (SAs) are a group of antibiotic drugs widely used in veterinary medicine. The contamination of the environment by these pharmaceuticals has raised concern in recent years. However, knowledge of their (eco)toxicity is still very basic and is restricted to just a few of these substances. Even though their toxicological analysis has been thoroughly performed and ecotoxicological data are available in the literature, a systematic analysis of their ecotoxicological potential has yet to be carried out. To fill this gap, 12 different SAs were chosen for detailed analysis with the focus on different bacteria as well as non-target organisms (algae and plants). A flexible (eco)toxicological test battery was used, including enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione reductase), luminescent marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), soil bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), limnic unicellular green algae (Scenedesmus vacuolatus) and duckweed (Lemna minor), in order to take into account both the aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the environment, as well as different trophic levels. It was found that SAs are not only toxic towards green algae (EC₅₀ = 1.54-32.25 mg L⁻¹) but have even stronger adverse effect on duckweed (EC₅₀ = 0.02-4.89 mg L⁻¹) than atrazine - herbicide (EC₅₀ = 2.59 mg L⁻¹).