Effect of the endectocide ivermectin on filamentous fungi

We investigated the effect of ivermectin, at environmental concentrations and above, on several strains of filamentous fungi. Ivermectin did not show significant short-term effect on biomass production and germination rate of the spores. By contrast, the spore production was stimulated twofold in Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Mucor racemosus cultures, whereas that endpoint was reduced in Fusarium cultures. A long-term exposure of F. oxysporum to ivermectin reduced both production and germination of fungal spores. Ivermectin was not an inducer of exocellular oxidases.     

废旧电脑的综合治理

从环境管理和处理处置技术的角度 ,概述了一些发达国家在废电脑处理方面的现状 ,并结合国外的发展经验 ,对我国废电脑的处理工作提出了建议     

膜技术在工业废水处理中的应用

膜技术是一种高效率、低能耗和易操作的液体分离技术，在废水处理中得到越来越广泛的应用。在介绍膜技术分类和分离机理的基础上，对膜技术在造纸废水、重金属废水、含油废水、印染废水、食品废水等工业废水处理中的应用进行了综述，最后对膜技术在工业废水处理的应用前景作了展望。     

两相厌氧工艺处理草浆黑液甲烷相动力学模型

两相厌氧工艺处理草浆黑液,对甲烷相进行动力学分析。结果表明:经过修正的Ｍｏｎｏｄ方程能够描述甲烷相基质降解规律。当酸化相进水ＣＯＤ为７６６１～１２９５８ｍｇ／Ｌ,甲烷相进水(酸化相出水)ＣＯＤ为５３１２～８９５７ｍｇ／Ｌ时,由模型计算得难厌氧降解物质(ＣＯＤ)为１２１２ｍｇ／Ｌ。由此得出,在该实验条件下甲烷相ＣＯＤ的最大去除率为８６.４７％      

用酶联免疫吸附法测定鱼类体内金属硫蛋白

用酶联免疫吸附法测定鱼体内（肝,肾）MT。鱼组织经匀浆、加热、离心、将上清液以包被液稀释后,与一抗、二抗反应,求得MT含量。与镉／血红蛋白饱和法比较、本法显示了特异、简便、及灵敏的特点。同时,用酶联免疫吸附法测定了取自武汉东湖不同水域的鱼类、不同种类的鱼类的组织脏器的MT的含量,用以研究水体质量。     

Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability: Effects of flow pattern and fermentation pretreatment

• Penetration depth and substrate characters affect AGS formation and performance. • The relationship between substrate gradient and particle size affects AGS stability. • The fermentation process is proposed as a pretreatment to improve AGS stability. The influences of flow patterns (mixed-flow and plug-flow) and fermentation pretreatment on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation with various substrate availability levels were investigated by running four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (R1–R4), comparing two anaerobic feeding strategies and three kinds of substrates. R1 achieved faster granulation with a fast influent fill step followed by a modified anaerobic mixed-flow phase, but the AGS showed poorer stability with a cracked structure and a high suspended solids concentration in the effluent. The anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode (with influent fed slowly from the bottom) in R2 provided deeper penetration depth for the substance to reach the core of AGS and accordingly strengthen AGS stability. An acidogenic up-flow sludge bed reactor was introduced as a pretreatment to improve the AGS performance by enhancing glucose pre-fermentation (R4). AGS fed with mixed volatile fatty acids (VFA) after glucose fermentation showed similar performance compared with the reactor fed with acetate in the aspects of stability, structure, size distribution and nitrogen removal efficiency, and 74% similarity in the microbial community. For actual wastewater with low VFA concentrations, fermentation treatment was suggested as a promising pretreatment for stable AGS granulation and operation.     

综采工作面安全性评价的逼近理想解(TOPSIS)方法

基于熵权的TOPSIS(逼近理想解的排序方法)方法是一种新的安全性评价方法,该方法以灰熵理论确定评价指标的权重———熵权,从而避免低层次多因素权重确定的主观性。以评价对象与理想解和负理想解的距离确定的相对接近度作为评价准则,避免了评价方法的主观性。通过对平顶山煤业集团有限责任公司六矿综采工作面安全性进行的评价,指出综采工作面安全管理中存在的问题,并提出相应的改进措施。理论与实例表明,该方法较其他方法更加客观,更易于操作,结果也更符合生产实际。     

An experimental study on fermentative H2 production from food waste as affected by pH

Batch dark fermentation experiments were performed on food waste and mixtures of food waste and wastewater activated sludge to evaluate the influence of pH on biological H₂ production and compare the process performance with and without inoculum addition. The effect of a preliminary thermal shock treatment of the inoculum was also investigated as a means to harvest the hydrogenogenic biomass. The best performance in terms of both H₂ generation potential and process kinetics was observed at pH = 6.5 under all experimental conditions (no inoculum, and untreated or thermally treated inoculum added). H₂ production from food waste was found to be feasible even without inoculum addition, although thermal pre-treatment of the inoculum notably increased the maximum production and reduced the lag phase duration. The analysis of the fermentation products indicated that the biological hydrogen production could be mainly ascribed to a mixed acetate/butyrate-type fermentation. However, the presence of additional metabolites in the digestate, including propionate and ethanol, also indicated that other metabolic pathways were active during the process, reducing substrate conversion into hydrogen. The plateau in H₂ generation was found to mirror the condition at which soluble carbohydrates were depleted. Beyond this condition, homoacetogenesis probably started to play a role in the degradation process.     

中水在顺酐装置中的回用技术

针对吐哈石油勘探开发指挥部石油天然气化工厂顺酐装置目前的排污现状,以传统的中水回用技术为指导,提出了前端减排与末端治理相结合的废水处理方案,可实现每小时节水33.6m3,大大减少了水资源的消耗量及废水排放量,年收益164万元,经济效益和环境效益显著。     

Biochemical and microbial soil functioning after application of the insecticide imidacloprid

Imidacloprid is one of the most commonly used insecticides in agricultural practice, and its application poses a potential risk for soil microorganisms. The objective of this study was to assess whether changes in the structure of the soil microbial community after imidacloprid application at the field rate (FR, 1 mg/kg soil) and 10 times the FR (10× FR, 10 mg/kg soil) may also have an impact on biochemical and microbial soil functioning. The obtained data showed a negative effect by imidacloprid applied at the FR dosage for substrate-induced respiration (SIR), the number of total bacteria, dehydrogenase (DHA), both phosphatases (PHOS-H and PHOS-OH), and urease (URE) at the beginning of the experiment. In 10× FR treated soil, decreased activity of SIR, DHA, PHOS-OH and PHOS-H was observed over the experimental period. Nitrifying and N₂-fixing bacteria were the most sensitive to imidacloprid. The concentration of NO₃^- decreased in both imidacloprid-treated soils, whereas the concentration of NH₄⁺ in soil with 10× FR was higher than in the control. Analysis of the bacterial growth strategy revealed that imidacloprid affected the r- or K-type bacterial classes as indicated also by the decreased eco-physiological (EP) index. Imidacloprid affected the physiological state of culturable bacteria and caused a reduction in the rate of colony formation as well as a prolonged time for growth. Principal component analysis showed that imidacloprid application significantly shifted the measured parameters, and the application of imidacloprid may pose a potential risk to the biochemical and microbial activity of soils.