纤维转盘滤池在造纸厂中水回用工程中的应用

文章结合某造纸厂废水中水回用工程,介绍一种新型先进的过滤技术——纤维转盘滤池,在造纸废水中水回用中的应用。同时对纤维转盘滤池做详细说明。     

Filtration and recirculation of early amniotic fluid. Evaluation of cell cultures from 100 diagnostic cases

Due to the low cell concentration, cultures from early amniotic fluid specimens usually require 2–3 weeks in culture prior to karyotyping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the culture quality of amniotic fluid cells from early pregnancy, obtained by a new filter technique. The hypothetical advantage of the technique was that the increased cell yield might reduce the culture time before karyotyping. Culture quality was assessed by the number of colonies, the percentage of colonies containing mitoses in filter and control cultures, and the culture time. The setting was a consecutive clinical trial. One hundred samples were obtained from ongoing pregnancies at 11–14 weeks of gestation (mean 12·8 weeks). By circulating a mean of 26 ml of amniotic fluid through a cell filter system leading the cell-free fluid back to the amniotic cavity, the cell yield was increased in the sample of 7 ml corresponding to the dead space of the filter system. The culture results were compared with control cultures from 5 ml samples drawn from the same pregnancies prior to recirculation. The cultures from the first flushing of the filter system yielded 2·6 times more colonies and in total 4·2 times more colonies were found in the three cultures grown from each filter sample when compared with the control cultures. Moreover, the filter cultures showed significantly more colonies with mitoses. The mean culture time was 8·0 days for the filter cultures, from which the karyotypes were analysed. The controls would have needed more time in culture to fulfil the diagnostic criteria for karyotyping. One case of 47,XY, + 21 was found; the rest had normal karyotypes. We conclude that the filter technique improves the culture quality of early amniotic fluid samples and allows early arrest of the cultures.     

氧化物涂层砂对天然水中有机物的去除

氧化物涂层砂,比表面积增加,吸附容量增大,使石英砂表面电荷的带电性质改变,有利于水中天然有机物的去除。对3种不同氧化物涂层砂和未涂层砂对天然有机物的去除性能进行了比较实验,证明涂铝砂和B型涂铁砂对水中天然有机物的去除效果优于A型涂铁砂;而3种涂层砂均优于未涂层砂。     

微絮凝——直接过滤技术的研究与应用进展

对微絮凝—直接过滤技术在城市给水处理和城市废水的深度处理中的研究与应用现状做了概述 ,并对以后的研究工作提出一些建议。     

铁屑过滤—SBR工艺处理棉纺印染废水

采用铁屑过滤－ＳＢＲ工艺处理棉纺印染废水，结果表明，当进水ＣＯＤ为５００－１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ，色度为１００－２００倍，ＢＯＤ５１１２０－３００ｍｇ／Ｌ，时，ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％，ＢＯＤ５去除率和脱色率均在９０％以上，出水达到了排放标准，该工艺较适合于中小型印染厂废水处理。     

石化废水资源化中采用膜分离技术探讨

根据锦西石化污水深度处理回用于循环水补充水、锅炉水补充水的中试试验。讨论了石油化工行业污水深度处理回用的技术路线。结果表明，纳滤、超滤、反渗透技术应用于污染物成份相对复杂的石化行业污水深度处理，是一种能够保证回用水质量的有效途径。     

过滤—厌氧—好氧工艺处理酒精废水

介绍了酒精废水的高效低耗处理工艺，即首先用转鼓滤机去除60％左右的悬浮物并回收作粗饲料；其次，借助原水高温特点，用完全混合式高温厌氧池使废水充分消化；再次，用沉淀池和气浮池实现废水和厌氧污泥的完全分离，使废水的COD降解了92％－94％；最后为好氧处理工段，整个工艺对COD和SS的去除率分别高达99％和99．8％，不仅处理率高，而且能耗很低，还可以回收粗饲料和沼气能源。     

应用微絮凝过滤的污水深度处理研究

本文就微絮凝过滤用于污水深度处理进行了研究.该工艺选用了陶粒一砂双层滤料滤池,絮凝剂选用了无机高分子絮凝剂PFC(投量20mg/L)和有机高分子絮凝剂(投量0.2mg/L);滤池的反冲洗用气一水·气一水三阶段反洗,效果良好.过滤实验的研究进行了直接过滤,单投PFC及PFC与PDM复配投加的微絮凝过滤三种方式.PFC与PDM复配对色度、COD、T—P有显著的去除效果.     

A comparison study of the start-up of a MnOx filter for catalytic oxidative removal of ammonium from groundwater and surface water

As an efficient method for ammonium (NH4+) removal, contact catalytic oxidation technology has drawn much attention recently, due to its good low temperature resistance and short start-up period. Two identical filters were employed to compare the process for ammonium removal during the start-up period for ammonium removal in groundwater (Filter-N) and surface water (Filter-S) treatment. Two types of source water (groundwater and surface water) were used as the feed waters for the filtration trials. Although the same initiating method was used, Filter-N exhibited much better ammonium removal performance than Filter-S. The differences in catalytic activity among these two filters were probed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and compositional analysis. XRD results indicated that different manganese oxide species were formed in Filter-N and Filter-S. Furthermore, the Mn3p XPS spectra taken on the surface of the filter films revealed that the average manganese valence of the inactive manganese oxide film collected from Filter-S (FS-MnOx) was higher than in the film collected from Filter-N (FN-MnOx). Mn(IV) was identified as the predominant oxidation state in FS-MnOx and Mn(III) was identified as the predominant oxidation state in FN-MnOx. The results of compositional analyses suggested that polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) used during the surface water treatment was an important factor in the mineralogy and reactivity of MnOx. This study provides the theoretical basis for promoting the wide application of the technology and has great practical significance.     

絮凝剂对含油污泥过滤性能的影响

本研究主要考察了絮凝剂对含油污泥的过滤性能的影响,以及影响污泥絮凝过滤的各种因素,并通过实验确定了污泥的最佳絮凝的运行条件。