Humble Opinions on the Relationship between the Percentage of Urban Residents in an Urban Region and the Economic Status in This Region in China

It is a fact that in U.S. the immigration between rural areas and city areas is free, but in China this type of immigration is restricted by HUKOU system （Hukou, namely the household registration system, was designed to control rural-urban in China）. All of those national policies in city areas are much better than those in rural areas, so those corresponding differences bring about great discrepancy of the economic status （mainly including GDP per person and income per resident） between rural and city areas in the same urban region, especially in different urban re- gions because the percentage of urban residents in those urban regions is in-equable. The present paper mainly researches the topic of relationship between the percentage of urban residents and the economic status in an urban region in China, including the relationship between the economic and the political functions of a settlement in China during the process of urbanization.     

论经济增长与环境保护的共生

中国经济的快速发展应该建立在环境保护前提之下,在发展中实现经济增长与环境保护共生。这需要从四个方面着手:把绿色GDP作为衡量经济发展的指标;发展低碳经济,实现经济发展与生态文明建设的双赢;加快产业升级,实现经济增长方式的转变;发展循环经济,构建环境友好型社会。     

湖北省经济发展与耕地资源变化的关系

近20年来，湖北省在经济快速发展的同时，伴随着耕地面积的快速减少，这对我国粮食安全战略产生了一定隐患。选择GDP、全社会固定资产投资总额、城市化水平与耕地面积作为主要分析指标，应用对比分析与最小二乘法分析了1990~2007年湖北省经济发展与耕地面积变化的关系，其能够解释耕地资源占有量的9298%的变化。研究结果表明：湖北省近20年的经济发展与耕地面积变化呈负相关关系，经济增长是耕地面积减少的主要原因，但随着经济发展水平上升和土地集约利用水平提高，单位经济增长付出的土地代价会逐渐下降；同时经济发达地区比经济欠发达地区耕地流失严重，平原地区比丘陵地区耕地减少量大。研究结果可以为湖北省在今后经济发展过程中，如何合理利用土地和保护有限的耕地资源提供一定的科学依据，为其他省份进一步研究经济发展中的耕地变化提供借鉴。     

旅游上市公司业绩与宏观经济的动态关系研究

从宏观经济视角研究其对旅游上市公司业绩变化的影响,探索两者之间的动态影响关系。通过普通最小二乘回归法,建立VAR模型,利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解定量分析了宏观经济对旅游上市公司业绩的影响。结果表明,GDP和人均可支配收入的变化冲击会给旅游上市公司主营业务收入带来长期的正向影响,短期的1年时间有小幅度波动,之后影响持续稳定。从长期来看,GDP对旅游上市公司主营业务收入的影响比人均可支配收入更大。     

The steel industry, abiotic resource depletion and life cycle assessment: a real or perceived issue?

Time and again, there has been a hue and a cry that the world is running out of natural resources and the most prominent among those is the famous study entitled ‘The Limits to Growth’ by the ‘Club of Rome’. Since then the fear of scarcity of abiotic resources has been challenging human societies around the globe, particularly the research community. In this paper we will examine the case of the steel industry to argue how and why mineral resources depletion is an issue that needs to be addressed through life cycle assessment in more detail. This paper shows that a more comprehensive understanding about the current production trends of iron ore and steel, which also requires several vital metals such as copper, manganese, nickel and so on, can provide useful insights in assessing the potential future threat of shortages due to depletion of abiotic mineral resources.     

南京市经济增长与工业“三废”污染水平计量模型研究

根据环境库兹涅茨曲线原理，选取南京市1985～2004年的经济与环境数据，运用SPSS和EXCEL软件，分析了经济因子与环境因子的相关关系，并建立了模拟经济因子与环境因子之间动态回归模型。研究结果表明，南京市工业废水排放量和人均GDP具有一般相关性，并不呈现库兹涅茨曲线倒“U”模型，而是呈三次曲线的“N”型，两个拐点分别在9 000元和29 000元，这可能与产业结构转变较快有关。工业废气排放量和固体废物产量与人均GDP存在显著相关性， 符合环境库兹涅茨曲线的倒“U”模型，拐点分别在30 000元和38 000元,均提前实现拐点。此外环境政策与科技对工业废水排放量影响也较大。经济结构是影响工业废气排放量和固体废物产量的主要因素，同时，南京市有利的环保科技政策使这两个环境指标提前实现拐点。     

The use of DPSIR framework to evaluate sustainability in coastal areas. Case study: Guanabara Bay basin,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

The Guanabara Bay basin, SE Brazil, is shown as an experimental site to evaluate development and sustainability in coastal areas. We developed a Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework in a practical context to integrate natural and socio-economic indicators. Sustainability reflects public policies towards the utilization of natural resources. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) included in DPSIR evaluates losses and benefits resulting from such policies. CBA has some limitations due to the difficulty of valuating environmental goods and services. Instead of valuating them we propose to combine sustainability indicators and defensive expenditures for the implementation of public policies. This approach agrees with the environmental conservation paradigm implicit in sustainable development. It allows an estimation of the physical natural capital depreciation (PNCD), by using it to correct the gross domestic product (GDP) of the study area, and demonstrating the present non-sustainable characteristics of the current policies applied to the area.     

云南省经济增长与能源消耗的计量模型研究

根据云南省1985—2003年能源消耗的统计数据以及人均GDP统计数据，分析人均GDP与能源消耗之间的相关关系，选取相关性较好的能耗指标（煤炭消耗量、石油消耗量、天然气消耗量、电力消耗量）建立两者之间的计量模型。并在此基础上分析能源消耗与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现，云南省经济增长与能源消耗呈类4a-Y-EKC的倒U型曲线，且曲线尚未到达转折点，能源消耗量随着经济增长将持续增长。有必要采取有利措施倡导“循环经济”、“绿色GDP”等使曲线走势向良性方向发展。     

昆明市经济增长与环境污染的计量模型研究

根据昆明市1995-2005年历年环境污染指标的统计数据和人均GDP统计数据，对人均GDP与环境污染（工业“三废”排放量）作相关分析，建立两者之间的计量模型，并在此基础上分析工业“三废”排放量与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现，昆明市目前仍处于工业发展期。工业废水排放量曲线和工业固体废弃物排放量随人均GDP的增长而呈下降趋势，曲线走势良好；随着经济的增长，工业废气排放量则呈上升趋势。     

焦作市绿色GDP核算体系设想

随着经济的发展,焦作市的环境受到的影响越来越大,而传统的GDP存在着固有的一些缺陷:预算体系经济增长指标存在片面性.因此,从环保的角度,焦作市迫切需要建立适合本地实际的预算模式.我们就是根据焦作市基本情况,通过实例分析,首次建立了焦作市绿色GDP核算体系,并确定了评价方法,给出了核算基础数据的获取来源,对焦作市绿色GDP核算中的各类实物量核算进行了研究,确定了环境污染实物量、环境治理成本实物量、环境质量数据、生态系统实物量、水资源和矿产资源等实物量核算表,同时对绿色GDP中官员考核指标进行了探讨,建立了一套较为完整的官员考核指标体系.