原子吸收法测定废水中的铬（Ⅵ）

在pH<1的溶液中,用甲基异丁酮(MIBK)与磷酸三丁酯(TBP)混合作为萃取剂,萃取废水中的铬时,六价铬的分配比为108.6,而三价铬几乎不被萃取。用原子吸收分光光度计测定有机相中的六价铬具有很好的选择性,且干扰少,灵敏度高。工作曲线的最佳浓度范围是:0.04～4.00mg/L。     

两种原子吸收法测定环境水样中镍的比较

用加热浓缩-火焰原子吸收光谱法和石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法对环境水样中的镍进行了比较测定,结果表明,两种方法测定镍的各项指标均在要求范围,两种方法测定结果的相对误差均＜7.1%,表明两种方法可以视为等效方法,作用可以相互替补使用.     

萃取／硝化／石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中的三丁基锡

建立了萃取／硝化／石墨炉原子吸收法分析海水中三丁基锡的方法，筛选了最佳的萃取条件、基改剂及石墨炉参数。本方法检出限为０１６μｇ／Ｌ；相对标准偏差最高不超过４％；回收率为９４％～１０５％。     

优化AAS工作条件测定尿液中的钙

介绍一种新的无模型体系的优化方法并将该法，用于原子吸收光谱法测定尿液中的钙，实验结果令人满意。     

Fe@Co/NC改性石墨毡在电芬顿体系降解EDTA-Ni的研究

采用Fe掺杂MOF前驱体ZIF-67(Fe@ZIF-67)为模版,通过煅烧制备了掺杂铁元素的金属有机框架衍生物(Fe@Co/NC).同时,首次采用Fe@Co/NC复合材料改性的石墨毡(Fe@Co/NC/GF)为阴极和石墨毡(GF)为阳极构建了电芬顿体系,研究了复合电极对络合重金属EDTA-Ni的去除效果.结果表明,Co/Fe、N掺杂的碳基催化剂具有高含量的吡啶氮(2.42%)和石墨氮(3.23%),提供了大量催化活性位点(C—N、Co—N_x),从而有效改善了催化剂氧还原的性能.在pH为3,Na_2SO_4浓度为0.1 mol·L~(-1),应用电流为40 mA的最佳条件下,反应120 min后,Fe@Co/NC/GF电芬顿体系对EDTA-Ni的降解率达到了97.4%,且有效拓宽了pH的应用范围.     

Chemical analysis of tobacco cigarette for organochlorine insecticides and heavy metal composition

The effects of cigarette smoking on smokers and the environment were investigated by analyzing some cigarette brands available to Nigerian smokers for the presence of some of the widely used organochlorine (OC) pesticides and heavy metals. OC pesticide residues were extracted from tobacco smoke, separated and identified using column chromatographic and thin layer chromatographic techniques respectively, while ashed and unashed commercial cigarettes were analyzed for heavy metals – Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Co using atomic absorption spectrometry. TLC data indicated that dieldrin and p,p′-DDD were present in some of the cigarette brands. The results of heavy metal analysis showed that the levels of some toxic heavy metals and pollution index were higher in unashed cigarettes than corresponding ashes. Evidence suggests that significant amounts of these toxic metals are inhaled by the smoker and/or released into the environment in the process of cigarette smoking, thus confirming that cigarette smoking is harmful to the environment and human health.     

Cadmium,zinc, copper and Metallothionein in human tissues (liver and kidney)∗

It was proved by in vitro and animal experiments, that the toxicokinetics (resorption, distribution, deposition and excretion) and, in connection with this, also the toxicity of the metals Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) is closely associated to the low molecular weight protein Metallothionein (Mt). There is a considerable lack of information on the Mt concentration in human tissues and its correlation to Cd, Cu and Zn. Therefore the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Mt were determined quantitatively in liver and kidney samples of 184 deceased. The dependence of these concentrations from each other and from further parameters, i.e. age, sex, drinking and smoking habits, or diseases of the organs, is studied. Scalar values (concentrations, age) were compared by Spearman rank correlations. The influence of non‐scalar factors (i.e. sex, diseases etc.) was proved by comparison of the geometric means of the Cd, Cu, Zn and Mt concentrations in the tissues of the corresponding subgroups. The manner of influence of the main factors will be discussed.     

火焰原子吸收法测定饮用水中银的改进

对火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饮用水中银的方法作了改进。试验发现在酸性条件下,不利于银的测定,改加氨水氰化钾溶液则取得满意的结果,提高了测定灵敏度。银的特征质量浓度为0 016mg·L-1/1%吸收,检测限为0 001mg/L,相对标准差<2.5%,加标回收率在98%～103%之间。     

等离子体发射光谱法等三种方法测定马铃薯中镉

采用IRISER/SDuoICP测定马铃薯中的镉元素含量,并与火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法的测定作一比较,3种方法的检测限分别为0 001mg/L、0 004mg/L和0 25ng/L,加标回收率均在95%～102%范围内,相对标准差<10%。     

Levels of Selected Metals in Canned Fish Consumed in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In the present paper, seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Fe) in canned salmon, sardine and tuna fish were determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cadmium and lead levels were determined by graphite tube AAS whereas Ni, Cu, Cr and Fe were determined by flame AAS. Analytical results were validated by spiking the samples with various concentrations of these metals for recovery. The metal contents, expressed in μg/g, wet weight, varied depending upon the specie studied. The levels of Pb ranged from 0.03–1.20 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.313 μg-g⁻¹ for salmon; 0.03–0.51 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.233 μg-g⁻¹ for tuna and 0.13–1.97 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.835 μg-g⁻¹ for sardines. The levels of Cd ranged from 0.02–0.38 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.161 μg-g⁻¹ for salmon; 0.07–0.64 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.227 μg-g⁻¹ for tuna and 0.010–0.690 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.183 μg-g⁻¹ for sardines. Comparative evaluation of these metals in three varieties of fish showed that average concentration of lead in sardines is about 4 times and Ni about 3 times higher as compared to tuna. Generally, the levels of these metals follow the order sardine > salmon > tuna. The data generated in the present study compared well with the similar studies carried out in different parts of the world. The results indicate that canned fish, in general and tuna in particular, have concentrations within permissible limits of WHO/FAO levels for these heavy metals. Therefore, their contribution to the total body burden of these metals can be considered as negligibly small.