象山港赤潮监控区水质状况的动态变化

根据2002年4～9月份象山港赤潮监控区水质监测基础资料,建立表、底层DO、COD、DIN、DIP以及水质指数(A)和富营养化状态指数(E)时间序列,运用变异系数和相关分析法,探讨了象山港赤潮监控区在赤潮多发期水质状况的动态变化特征。分析结果表明：在赤潮多发期,监控区水质有机污染程度和富营养化状态较严重,明显呈低P高N状态;各环境参数的动态变化存在着明显差异;各环境参数对水质有机污染程度和富营养化状态的贡献也存在显著差异,且赤潮监控区水质富营养化指数与水质指数之间呈显著的正相关关系。     

Prioritizing prevention opportunities in the Washington State construction industry, 2003-2007

Objective

This study compares construction industry groups in Washington State by injury severity and cost, and ranks industry groups according to potential for prevention.

Methods

All Washington State workers' compensation compensable claims with date of injury between 2003 and 2007 were classified into North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industry groups. Claims were then aggregated by injury type and industry groups were ranked according to a prevention index (PI). The PI is the average of the rank orders of the claim count and the claim incidence rate. A lower PI indicates a higher need for prevention activities. The severity rate was calculated as the number of days of time loss per 10,000 full-time equivalents (FTEs).

Results

For all injury types, construction industry groups occupy 7 of the top 15 PI ranks in Washington State. The severity rate among construction industry groups was twice that for non-construction groups for all injury types. Foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors (NAICS 2381) ranked highest in prevention potential and severity among construction industry groups for most common injury types including falls from elevation, fall on same level, struck by/against, and musculo-skeletal disorders of the neck, back, and upper extremity (WMSDs). Median claim costs by injury type were generally higher among construction industry groups.

Conclusions

The construction industry in Washington State has a high severity rate and potential for prevention. The methods used for characterizing these industry groups can be adapted for comparison within and between other industries and states.

Impact on Industry

These data can be used by industry groups and employers to identify higher cost and higher severity injury types. Knowledge about the relative frequencies and costs associated with different injury types will help employers and construction industry associations make better informed decisions about where prevention efforts are most needed and may have the greatest impact. The results of this study can also be used by industry stakeholders to cooperatively focus on high cost and high severity injuries and explore best practices, interventions, and solutions as demonstrated by efforts to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in masonry (Entzel, Albers, & Welch, 2007). Initiating construction industry groups to focus on high cost and high severity injuries may also help prevent other types of injuries.     

急冷器建造中的质量保证

本文以百万吨乙烯装置的关键设备裂解气急冷器建造为例,从设计视角对其建造过程中重要环节质量控制进行剖析,详细解读了压力容器建造质量保证体系运行的基本要务。压力容器建造质量保证的关键在于合理制定并严格执行符合设计标准规范要求的质量计划,尤其是建造过程各环节的工艺卡制定与控制点的检查确认要深入到位。如此得出：压力容器建造质量计划的执行既是压力容器质量保证体系有效运行的见证,更是以建造过程控制达到不产生不合格进而实现压力容器本质安全的根本保证。     

建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管存在的问题及对策探讨

明确了建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管的对象,分析了我国现阶段调查监管存在的监管力量不足、从业门槛不明确、实时监管措施缺乏等问题。结合国内外调查工作监管经验和近年苏州工业园区调查监管的探索实践,提出了鼓励引导相关利益方参与调查监管、建立健全从业人员和机构监管制度、引入监理机制、推进信息化过程管理等对策建议。     

浑河沈阳段“十一五”水环境建设技术对策的探讨

浑河是沈阳市水系的水脉,也是沈阳市建设与发展的命脉。“十一五”期间,沈阳市对浑河实施的大规模综合整治,实现了浑河水环境由“厌氧型严重污染水体”向“好氧型轻度污染水体”的转变。对于“十一五”浑河水环境的建设,则应以水质升级达标和生态环境建设为目标,重在“污染控制与水质改善”“水资源保护与开发利用”和“生态环境保护与建设”三个方面取得新突破和新成果。     

绿色大学建设管理的研究

对绿色校园建设的必要性从高校的优势和学校管理要求方面进行了论述。以辽宁大学为例,探讨了其进行绿色校园建设的主要内容,并提出了污染预防、实施生态工程和进行可持续发展管理的对策。     

齐齐哈尔市绿色食品产业发展的思考

阐明了绿色食品的内涵,产生的历史背景、客观原因,以及发展绿色食品对保障食品安全性、解决农产品国际贸易壁垒,实现农业可续发展的重大意义。在回顾齐齐哈尔绿色食品产生发展历程,目前取得的成效及存在的主要问题基础上,提出了加快齐齐哈尔绿色食品产生发展的思路与对策,着重强调要注重保护和发送生态环境,加强生产为基地建设,建设为龙头企业、加强市场开拓等关键性问题。     

对开发建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与内容的探讨

环境影响评价中公众参与的内容应与建设项目的生产性质、污染状况相适应。不同类型的开发建设项目开展的公众参与内容是不同的。对项目公众参与的组织形式及内容进行了探讨，便于指导建设项目的环境影响评价工作。     

钢筋混凝土污水处理集水井施工的若干体会

介绍了在某钢筋混凝土污水处理集水井施工中 ,通过采取各种有效措施 ,保证水池强度和抗渗等技术指标达到设计要求。     

退耕还林还草对土地利用变化影响程度研究——以延安生态建设示范区为例

文章在分析延安生态建设示范区2000-2003年间各土地利用类型的数量变化和空间特征的基础上,引入退耕指数、退耕影响系数等指标研究退耕还林草对示范区土地利用结构变化的影响。结果显示,示范区已退耕坡耕地36.07%,平均每年退耕12.02%,全区的退耕影响系数高达4.76,该结果表明大规模的退耕还林草活动对区域土地利用变化的影响很大,它推动了土地利用结构的优化。分乡镇的研究显示,退耕对示范区各乡镇土地利用变化的影响存在一定的差异,除2个乡镇的退耕影响系数远远低于全区平均水平外,其他7个乡镇都高于全区平均水平。