公路两侧土壤中铅的分布规律研究

我们对干线公路两侧土壤中的分布规律进行了研究，得出了公路两土壤铅的一与离公路国边沿的距离符合高斯衰减分布模型，通过比较在正常速率行驶和台速行驶路段的模型参数，对公路两侧土壤中铅含量的影响因素进行了讨论。     

公路建设项目环保投资核算研究

对公路建设项目环保投资的组成、机理和计量方法作了详细的论述，并以实例作了进一步说明。为建设项目的环境经济分析方法补充了一个新的内容，也为项目决策提供了更有利的支持。     

公路交通对土壤铅污染预测评价

推导给出了公路交通对土壤铅污染的预测计算模式，分析了采用该模式预测土壤中铅含量时可能出现的3种不同结果，即高于、等于或低于背景值及其判别条件。结合中国公路交通的实际情况，论证了在不考虑非公路污染源时，公路交通引起土壤中铅累积量在营运近期将低于土壤背景值。认为合理确定非公路污染源强度、铅沉降面积及铅残留系数是影响预测评价土壤铅污染的主要因素。     

紫外光度法测定地表水中油的改进

对紫外光度法测定水中油类时在标准油品、波长的选择以及氯化钠用量和石油醚纯度等方面存在的问题进行了探讨，提出以工作曲线代替标准曲线，使回收率达到９７％左右。     

Shifted power-law relationship between NO2 concentration and the distance from a highway: A new dispersion model based on the wind profile model

In this paper, a shifted power-law model, based on the wind profile model, had been supposed to simulate concentration gradient of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) with distance from a highway. Field experiments were performed for NO₂ gradients from a highway in Shanghai by using passive samplers. The shifted power-law model was fitted well with experimental results of field experiments both in this study and in the literature. The results not only verified the validity of shifted power-law relationship between NO₂ concentration and the distance from a highway, but also partially demonstrated that there were some significant similarities between wind profile and air pollutants concentration profile near highway. With known concentration of chosen reference point and appropriate value of the parameter k, the model could be practically applied for predicting the NO₂ distributions near a highway. The methods of determining the parameter k were also discussed for further detailed studies.     

Alcohol-impaired driving and its consequences in the United States: the past 25 years

INTRODUCTION: Progress in dealing with the alcohol-impaired driving problem in the United States during the past 25 years is addressed. METHODS: Trends in various measures of the problem were tracked and a thorough review of the relevant literature conducted. RESULTS: In the 1980s and continuing into the early 1990s, major decreases occurred in alcohol-impaired driving and its consequences. The contribution of alcohol to fatal crashes dropped by 35-40% during this period. Two primary reasons for the decline appear to be the emergence of citizen activist groups that mobilized public support and attention to the problem, and the proliferation of effective laws. Since about 1995 the alcohol-impaired driving problem has stabilized at a reduced but still quite high level. CONCLUSIONS: Highway safety organizations and citizen activist groups have continued to highlight the problem, but its status as a social issue has diminished. We basically know what the primary target groups are, and we know measures that would work to reduce the problem if implemented more fully. We know that political leadership, state task forces, and media advocacy are important ingredients in addressing the problem. It is likely that a resurgence in citizen activism will be necessary to foster these elements and refocus the nation on the unfinished battle against alcohol-impaired driving. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Alcohol-impaired driving is still a major problem that needs continuing attention.     

Reinforcing the rules or integrating behavioural responses into road planning

Road planning is based on technical rules, know-how acquired from experience and professional expertise. A more ergonomics approach to road planning and safety analyses the psychological procedures used by the drivers. Every intervention on road network has an influence on safety. Increasing the coherency of all the interventions in the same area is the only possible way of producing areas with a better level of security. This paper deals with safety procedures, diagnostics and tools which can be used at different levels of intervention.     

Differences in relative risks for fatal occupational highway transportation accidents

Problem and Method: This study examined the trends in the relative risks for being involved in fatal occupational highway transportation accidents based upon the age and gender of the victim. Results: Significant differences in relative risks were identified based upon age; however, there were no significant differences in relative risks based upon gender. The trend analysis of relative risks for all motor-vehicle accidents based upon age showed that males exhibited a significant cubic trend while females exhibited a significant linear trend. The trend analysis of relative risks for fatal motor-vehicle accidents specifically involving vehicle operators based upon age yielded a significant quadratic trend for males and no significant trends for females. Examining the relative risks for fatalities involving only motor-vehicle operators controlled, to a certain extent, the differences in job exposure to motor-vehicle accidents based upon age. Impact: Prevention measures are identified as most crucial for older male workers in the transportation and agriculture industries.     

溜砂坡遥感解译标志与方法——以川藏公路然乌-中坝段为例

溜砂坡是一种特殊的坡面堆积形式,主要发生在较为干旱的花岗岩山区,因其稳定性差,溜砂坡活动较为频繁,成为山区公路的重要灾害之一。以川藏公路然乌—中坝段为研究区,对溜砂坡的地貌形态和植被特征及其遥感影象特征进行了初步分析,确定了溜砂坡的遥感解译标志,并分析了溜砂坡和滑坡在遥感图像上的区别。将溜砂坡的遥感解译方法应用到川藏公路然乌—中坝段,查清了该路段的溜砂坡分布及其危害。     

新藏公路(新疆段)沿线道路病害及成因初析

新藏公路新疆段横跨塔里木盆地与昆仑山两大地貌单元，沿线泥石流、滑坡、水毁、崩塌、坍塌、碎落、雪害、涎流冰、翻浆和多年冻土等道路病害类型多样，发生频繁，不时断道阻车，严重影响着新藏公路的通行。该段沿线地质构造错综复杂，新构造运动和地震活动强烈，地形起伏大，地貌类型多样，气候条件多变，冰川作用强烈，以及人为不合理的建设活动和现有道路设计标准低、承灾能力差等，促进了各类道路病害的形成和发展。随着全球气候变暖、太阳活动和地震活动的加强，道路病害将进人新的活跃期，防灾形势十分严峻。