长平高速公路运营期环境影响研究

对长平高速公路原环境质量状况及运营期的环境影响进行了系统研究，提出在南河夹信了、靠山、潘家染房和腰拉拉屯4村庄尽快建设声屏障，加强公路沿线绿化工程建设，及完善管理所、服务区、收费站的污水处理设施和排水系统，以减轻高速公路运营期的环境影响。     

“西-宝”高速公路不良气象条件分析及对策

依据近40年的气象资料,对西宝高速公路沿线大雾、降雨、降雪、雷暴、低温、高温、沙尘等灾害性天气进行了分析,得出了沿线各种灾害性天气特征,并对其原因进行了简单分析。分析了这些灾害性天气对高速交通的影响程度,指出西宝高速公路气象服务的关键期,提出了避免不良天气造成交通事故发生的具体措施。     

公路建设中水土流失影响及防治措施

公路建设中造成的水土流失越来越严重，水土流失范围呈线状，常常跨越多个流域和地貌类型，因此影响范围较广，且在公路的不同部位水土流失的程度不同，影响期限不同。在实际调查的基础上分析公路建设中水土流失的原因，并提出计算方法及一般性防护措施。     

青藏公路格拉段垃圾污染现状及治理对策

在对青藏格拉段沿线垃圾污染现状进行全面分析的基础上，提出了通过加强环境卫生意识的宣传教育和管理，推行污染者付费制度，采用站点垃圾集中堆放、定期清运等措施来避免青藏公路沿线站点的垃圾污染。     

公路交通噪声防治措施探讨

本文针对公路交通建设项目的特点，探讨了公路交通建设项目环境影响评价中的噪声防治措施，包括合理规划、路面降噪、交通管理、敏感建筑物保护等措施。     

Classification of driving workload affected by highway alignment conditions based on classification and regression tree algorithm

Objective: Guaranteeing a safe and comfortable driving workload can contribute to reducing traffic injuries. In order to provide safe and comfortable threshold values, this study attempted to classify driving workload from the aspects of human factors mainly affected by highway geometric conditions and to determine the thresholds of different workload classifications. This article stated a hypothesis that the values of driver workload change within a certain range.

Methods: Driving workload scales were stated based on a comprehensive literature review. Through comparative analysis of different psychophysiological measures, heart rate variability (HRV) was chosen as the representative measure for quantifying driving workload by field experiments. Seventy-two participants (36 car drivers and 36 large truck drivers) and 6 highways with different geometric designs were selected to conduct field experiments. A wearable wireless dynamic multiparameter physiological detector (KF-2) was employed to detect physiological data that were simultaneously correlated to the speed changes recorded by a Global Positioning System (GPS) (testing time, driving speeds, running track, and distance). Through performing statistical analyses, including the distribution of HRV during the flat, straight segments and P-P plots of modified HRV, a driving workload calculation model was proposed. Integrating driving workload scales with values, the threshold of each scale of driving workload was determined by classification and regression tree (CART) algorithms.

Results: The driving workload calculation model was suitable for driving speeds in the range of 40 to 120 km/h. The experimental data of 72 participants revealed that driving workload had a significant effect on modified HRV, revealing a change in driving speed. When the driving speed was between 100 and 120 km/h, drivers showed an apparent increase in the corresponding modified HRV. The threshold value of the normal driving workload K was between ?0.0011 and 0.056 for a car driver and between ?0.00086 and 0.067 for a truck driver.

Conclusion: Heart rate variability was a direct and effective index for measuring driving workload despite being affected by multiple highway alignment elements. The driving workload model and the thresholds of driving workload classifications can be used to evaluate the quality of highway geometric design. A higher quality of highway geometric design could keep driving workload within a safer and more comfortable range. This study provided insight into reducing traffic injuries from the perspective of disciplinary integration of highway engineering and human factor engineering.     

Erosion control at construction sites on red clay soils

Five single-treatment methods used to stabilize seeded areas at urban and highway construction sites (asphalt-tacked straw, jute netting, mulch blanket, wood chips, excelsior blanket) were tested for their ability to control erosion of red clay soils by comparisons with exposed sites and multiple treatments. Sediment in runoff from experimental plots was characterized during low and high intensity precipitation from natural rainfall episodes during April, May, and June. Reductions in the total sediment concentration of runoff ranged from 28 percent (asphalt-tacked straw, 50 percent slope) to 90 percent (multiple treatments, 40 percent slope), with 85 percent of the eroded material composed of particles <0.04 mm in diameter. Larger size fractions were effectively reduced by all treatments tested regardless of slope (70 percent decrease). Established grass cover exceeded 90 percent on all plots after 60 days, but sediment release remained similar, attributable to high intensity rainfall, poor establishment of root systems, and piping on plots treated with tacked straw or jute netting. Results indicate that current stabilization methods shift sediment compostion toward a smaller particle size, causing single treatments to be minimally effective for controlling erosion of the major component of red clay soils. Because small particles have the greatest direct effect on aquatic biota, certain impacts of sedimentation may not be measurably lessened by single treatments in regions where red clays predominate even though the total sediment load is reduced by as much as 75 percent. Clearly, a multiple-treatment approach offers significantly greater control of erosion on red clay soils, however, current economic and construction policy represents a substantial deterrent to implementation.     

高速公路隧道施工安全信息化监控技术

针对我国高速公路隧道建设存在的安全问题 ,基于现场监控量测成果 ,建立隧道施工安全信息化分析方法 ,笔者提出将施工信息与管理技术有机地融合为一体的思路 ,以提高公路隧道施工安全信息管理水平 ;由此详细地阐述了隧道施工安全性评价指标体系的确定原则 ;并将其应用于崇遵高速公路龙井坡隧道工程的施工实践 ,取得了预期的安全监控目标。该方法对其他地下工程的施工安全管理具有重要参考价值     

Exploring the effects of state highway safety laws and sociocultural characteristics on fatal crashes

Objective: Distinguished from the traditional perspectives in crash analyses, which examined the effects of geometric design features, traffic factors, and other relevant attributes on the crash frequencies of roadway entities, our study focuses on exploring the effects of highway safety laws, as well as sociocultural characteristics, on fatal crashes across states.

Methods: Law and regulation related data were collected from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, State Highway Safety Offices, and Governors Highway Safety Association. A variety of sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. In addition, cultural factors and other attributes from a variety of resources are considered and incorporated in the modeling process. These data and fatal crash counts were collected for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia and were analyzed using zero-truncated negative binomial (ZTNB) regression models.

Results: The results show that, in law and regulation–related factors, the use of speed cameras, no handheld cell phone ban, limited handheld cell phone ban, and no text messaging ban are found to have significant effects on fatal crashes. Regarding sociocultural characteristics, married couples with both husband and wife in the labor force are found to be associated with lower crash frequencies, the ratios of workers traveling to work by carpool, those driving alone, workers working outside the county of residence, language other than English and limited English fluency, and the number of licensed drivers are found to be associated with higher crash frequencies.

Conclusions: Through reviewing and modeling existing state highway safety laws and sociocultural characteristics, the results reveal new insights that could influence policy making. In addition, the results would benefit amending existing laws and regulations and provide testimony about highway safety issues before lawmakers consider new legislation.