H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物对有机染料废水的光氧化脱色

研究了400W高压汞灯下有机染料模拟废水的光氧化脱色,实验结果表明:在近紫外光照射下,H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物能使染料迅速氧化脱色,其脱色速率显著高于UV/H_2O_2光氧化;pH在3左右,脱色效果最佳,pH>4脱色率急剧下降;Fe~(3+)、草酸和H_2O_2的浓度以及温度等因素对染料废水的光氧化脱色率均有较大影响;水溶性的单偶氮染料和双偶氮染料光氧化脱色效果最好。     

串联组合离子选择电极的研究——利用Ag2S电极测定废水中S2-离子含量

本文依据电池串联原理将多组电极串联组合,减少了因电动势测量误差而造成的测定浓度的相对误差,明显地提高了测定的精密度和准确度.对工业废水中S~(2-)离子含量的测定结果令人满意.其相对偏差低于2.5％,方法回收率为97.5—101.7％,明显优于现有离子选择电极测定方法.与比色法进行比较,测得结果基本一致.     

硫化钠处理含汞废水

为了消除汞污染,采用硫化钠沉淀含汞废水。研究结果表明,出水中汞的含量小于国家规定的排放标准（0.05mg/L）,沉渣体积小,且化学稳定性很好,易处置。此法具有工艺简单,操作方便,反应速度快,沉淀效率高,随废水中含汞浓度的高低投加不同量的硫化钠,根据废水量的大小,可连续处理和间歇处理,处理费用低等优点。该法可在中小型化工行业中推广应用。     

二甲基硫醚光解及二甲基二硫醚生成速率研究

用低压汞灯照射二甲基硫醚（ＤＭＳ）,在２０ｍ的长光池中用富里叶红外光谱仪测量其光解产物,结果表明二甲基硫醚光解生成二甲基二硫醚（ＤＭＤＳ）和乙烷。测量其不同光照时间的光解产物,结果表明Ｉｎ＾ｃ０／ｃｔ在直解坐标上是一条直线,说明了二甲基二硫醚生成按生一极反应进行,其生成的速率常数为８．７０×１０＾－５ｓ＾－１用低压汞灯照射ＤＭＳ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２体系,富里叶红外光谱检测其产物,在有足够的Ｈ２Ｏ２情况下,生     

SW型脱硫剂脱硫性能的研究

以硫酸烧渣为主要原料制备ＳＷ型脱硫剂,并对其脱硫性能进行了研究,对半水煤气、葡萄酒厂污水处理产生的沼气和焦炉煤气、水煤气中的Ｈ２Ｓ进行了工业脱硫试验,经半年以上运行证明,可使其Ｈ２Ｓ含量从３０００－５０００ｍｇ／ｍ＾３降为２０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３以下（符合国家标准）,当脱硫剂工作硫容达３０％时可返回硫酸生产中,再生周期一般为３个月,其主要性能达到国内外同类产品水平。     

Cu－T(4－MOP)PS4光度法间接测定水中可溶性硫化物

利用Ｃｕ２＋与水中的Ｓ２－形成难溶的ＣＵＳ,剩余Ｃｕ２＋的含量用Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ４光度法测定,间接求得Ｓ２－的含量．研究了沉淀和显色的最佳条件．在ＰＨ８．５左右,形成难溶的ＣｕＳ,过量的铜在ｐＨ４．０用Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ４显色,然后用稀ＨＣｌ酸化至ＰＨ２．３左右测定,以提高方法的选择性,并探讨了共存离子的干扰情况．Ｓ２－的含量在０－０．２０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律,相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９５,回收率为９４．０２％－１００．８％．建立的方法用于废水中可溶性硫化物的测定,结果与标准方法一致．     

化学合成硫化亚铁(FeS)对三价锑的吸附作用研究

厌氧环境中硫化亚铁(FeS)在重金属元素的地球化学循环中扮演极其重要的角色。然而,厌氧条件下FeS与锑(Sb)之间的相互作用尚未有较为清晰的认识。为了探究厌氧条件下FeS对三价锑(Sb(Ⅲ))的吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及吸附的影响因素,本研究以沉淀法制备的FeS为研究对象,测试了其溶解性以及表面形貌。并通过条件实验,考察不同pH、初始FeS、反应时间等因素对FeS吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响。结果表明:吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型的描述;中性条件下Langmuir吸附模型对吸附过程具有较高的拟合度,饱和吸附量为380. 3 mg/g; Sb(Ⅲ)在酸性条件下的吸附可能与硫化矿物Sb2S3的析出密切相关,这可能是与FeS溶解产生H_2S反应的结果;而在中性及碱性条件下,FeS与Sb(Ⅲ)的反应主要与表面吸附反应有关。     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

飞机起落架材料防护技术现状及研究进展

介绍了飞机起落架高强度钢的防护工艺及其防护特点。传统的防护工艺主要是镀铬和镀镉工艺,目前出现了无氰镀镉-钛、高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层、低氢脆刷镀镉等新型防护工艺。通过对各新型防护工艺与传统工艺的工艺性能及耐腐蚀性能进行对比发现,各新型防护工艺都能很好地取代传统的防护工艺应用于飞机起落架的保护。     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.