Experimental investigation of open core downdraft biomass gasifier for food processing industry

This paper deals with field related experience of a low temperature industrial heat application through biomass gasification. The gasification system is essentially consists of an open top down draft reactor lined with ceramic. The experiment reveals that 6.5 kg of liquefy petroleum gas (LPG) is fully replaced by 38 kg of sized wood on hourly basis. The maximum temperature attained was 367°C in 130 min at 100.7 Nm³ h⁻¹ gas flow rate. This system has resulted a saving of about 19.5 tons of LPG over 3,000 h of operation, implying a saving of about 33 tons of CO₂ emission, thus a promising candidate for clean development mechanism. Fuel economic analysis of gasifier system showed that the saving was about 13,850 US$ for 3,000 h of baking operation.     

基于模糊综合评价方法的企业安全状况研究

在综合分析企业安全相关影响因素的基础上,建立了企业的安全评价指标体系,并采用模糊综合评价方法构建了企业模糊综合评价的数学模型,对其安全状况进行评价.     

石油企业建立安全环保督察部门的探索与实践

介绍了石油企业安全环保督察部门的组织机构及制度、安全环保督察部门开展安全环保督察工作的程序及采取的措施,以期为石油企业开展安全环保督察工作指供指导.     

Determination of emergency assembly point for industrial accidents with AHP analysis

Major industrial accidents, which are a type of technological disaster, are very important due to the security risks and financial damages that threaten the environment and human health in today's industrialization. In this study, it was aimed to propose an approach that will guide the decision makers to choose the emergency assembly point that should be in the distance or shelter where the employees will be not affected by the negative consequences of emergencies within the scope of the obligation of industrial establishments preparing an internal emergency plan for major industrial accidents. For this purpose, in the first stage, modelling studies were carried out with ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) Software over possible accident scenarios in an industrial establishment containing different types and amounts of hazardous chemicals. As a result of modelling studies, possible toxic emissions, fire and explosion effect distances and threat zones for the industrial establishment were obtained. In the second stage, the weights of the main and sub-selection criteria to be used in determining the assembly point were calculated. This stage was carried out based on the comparison data obtained as a result of the questionnaire applied to professionals with the help of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. In the last stage, three candidate points were selected considering the physical effect areas determined in the first stage in the boundaries of the establishment, where the employees were evaluated to be affected the minimum from the negative consequences of industrial accidents. These candidate points were evaluated again with the AHP method on the basis of the sub-criteria whose relative weights were determined in the second stage and a selection was made. As a result, an approach that provides the solution of our problem was obtained.     

Minimum ignition energy of LDPE dust/ethylene hybrid mixture

An experimental device for evaluating the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of LDPE dust/ethylene hybrid mixture was built with the innovative mixing mode. The MIE of the hybrid mixture that contained ethylene below its lower explosive limit (LEL) was studied. The result indicated that adding a small amount of ethylene significantly reduced the MIE of the original dust cloud. All the MIEs with five different particle sizes were found to show similar trends of exponential attenuation with the increase of ethylene concentration; such attenuating effect grew as the dust particle size rose. When ethylene concentration increased and approached to its LEL, the reaction mechanism dominated by combustible dust turned into one dominated by combustible gas. The MIE decreased first and then increased with the dust mass and increased with the dust particle size. A multifactor mathematical correlation model of the MIE with the dust particle size and ethylene concentration was developed.     

Allometric scaling and accidents at work

Allometry is the knowledge concerning relations between the features of some beings, like animals, or cities. For example, the daily energy rate is proportional to a mass of mammals rise of 3/4. This way of thinking has spread quickly from biology to many areas of research concerned with sociotechnical systems. It was revealed that the number of innovations, patents or heavy crimes rises as social interaction increases in a bigger city, while other urban indexes such as suicides decrease with social interaction. Enterprise is also a sociotechnical system, where social interaction and accidents at work take place. Therefore, do these interactions increase the number of accidents at work or, on the contrary, are they reduction-driving components? This article tries to catch such links and assess the allometric exponent between the number of accidents at work and the number of employees in an enterprise.     

石油化工企业常见危险源分析及其安全对策研究

随着石化企业新技术、新工艺、新材料的不断应用,石化企业危险化学品的数量及种类逐渐增多,危险源和安全隐患日益突出,石化企业的发展面临安全生产新挑战.本文从石油化工原料产品、化工反应装置等方面人手,分析了石化企业的主要危险源,并分析了常减压蒸馏装置、催化裂化装置、聚丙烯装置、延迟焦化装置及汽油加氢装置等常见生产装置的危险性...     

企业实施环境因素和危险源辨识中遇到的问题及解决办法

环境因素和危险源的辨识是环境管理体系和职业健康安全管理体系建设的一项重要内容.本文针对企业在实施环境因素和危险源辨识过程中遇到的环境因素和危险源的描述不准确、辨识程度如何掌控、三种时态和状态的运用、重大危险源的确定等问题进行了分析,并阐述了对标准要求的理解和具体解决办法.     

建筑施工企业安全质量标准化常见问题及对策

本文介绍了建筑施工企业开展安全质量标准化达标活动的背景,并从"对安全质量标准化达标活动重视程度不够、主动性不强"、"全员参与程度低"等几个方面指出了建筑施工企业开展安全质量标准化达标活动中存在的问题;同时提出了"统一思想,提高对安全质量标准化达标的认识"、"强化安全生产主体责任的落实"等8条解决措施,并提出了"建立有效...     

某石化厂工作场所噪声危害现状调查分析

目的了解某石化厂噪声危害关键控制点,为企业噪声防护提供依据,减少职业病发生。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查、工作场所噪声检测、作业人员等效连续A声级检测、噪声作业分级相结合的方法进行分析。结果该企业工作场所噪声强度为51.4～100.0dB(A);主要接噪岗位每周40h的等效声级为73.2～90.8dB(A),合格率为54.5%;噪声作业分级为0级、I级,分别占59.1%和40.9%。噪声关键控制点为各种泵类、风机、压缩机、冷却器等设备。结论该企业噪声危害比较严重,需要进一步采取隔声降噪措施。