LPG船液货泄漏事故风险评估系统研究

通过对液化石油气(LPG)船舶液货舱泄漏事故危险度因素分析,建立液化气液体货物泄漏源强、蒸气释放源强和蒸气扩散计算模型,并制定泄漏事故风险评价流程,基于VB语言编写泄漏事故风险评估系统。利用该系统能够计算得出泄漏事故发生后蒸发气在不同时刻不同区域的蒸发气浓度、爆炸或火灾后对生命财产的伤害半径以及伤害程度等相关参数。对某航行状态下的LPG实船进行模拟分析,结果表明能够对LPG船舶泄漏事故进行有效风险评估,并能对船舶航行安全应急预案的制定和事故后海事鉴定提供一定的技术帮助。     

风险积分参数RI在LPG站风险分析及评价中的应用

对液化石油气站选址风险进行定量分析，判断风险的可接受性，从而确定选址是否合理。拟建液化石油气站的F／N曲线未知，辨识液化石油气站可能发生的最严重事故，并应用风险积分参数确定液化石油气站的风险。经判断，液化石油气站可能发生的最严重事故为沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸（BLEVE），应用BLEVE火球模型对事故后果进行评价并确定事故影响范围，进而确定影响范围内的最大人数及事故发生频率，在此基础上对LPG站的风险积分参数进行计算。将计算结果与英国安全卫生执行局应用ALARP准则制定的风险可接受标准进行比较。结果表明，该液化石油气站的风险处于合理可接受区。采取一定风险减缓措施后，可考虑在此地点建设液化石油气站。     

液化石油气储罐设置方式之初探

从能量释放的角度出发,以爆炸理论为基础,研究了液化石油气储罐不同设置方式下发生爆炸的影响范围,并根据储罐三种设置方式的特点,给出了液化石油气储罐的合理设置方案.     

液化石油气站重大危险源的危险性评价

液化石油气站的罐区属于重大危险源 ,因其一旦发生泄漏 ,引起火灾、爆炸意外事故 ,造成的伤亡及财产损失巨大 ,评价其安全性 ,控制其危险 ,建立防范及应急救援系统是控制工业灾害的重大举措。笔者通过建立数学模型对液化石油气贮罐区的危险性进行定量化评价 ,得出罐区的危险等级以及其现实危险性 ,为控制重大危险源 ,提供了一种有效的方法。     

浅谈LPG球罐开罐检验的安全管理

本文全面阐述了LPG球罐开罐检验工作的安全，强调在开罐检验步骤中始终将安全掺入到其中，安全管理要实行“四全”（全员，全过程，全方位，全天候），同时提出对于外来施工队伍的管理，各类施工作业的管理，现场直接作业的管理，安全措施的落实等，要突出重点，实行精细管理的管理思路。     

液化石油气容器受热下蒸气爆炸及影响因素的研究

液化石油气的生产、储运过程中,由火焰加热引发的蒸气爆炸事故屡有发生,并常相继导致其他类型的爆炸。分析了蒸气爆炸的危害特性,研究了影响蒸气爆炸的因素,对火灾的预防和扑救具有一定实用意义。     

Application of CREAM human reliability model to cargo loading process of LPG tankers

The storage and handling processes of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) constitutes a complex operational environment in the maritime mode of transportation. The LPG cargo is carried by specially designed ships called LPG tankers. The LPG cargo loading and discharging operations have always potential hazards. Thus, the crew on-board LPG tankers should be fully aware of operational risks during the cargo handling process, which includes various critical tasks such as drying, inerting, gassing-up, cooling, and reliquefaction. During these stages, human reliability (operation without failure) plays a crucial role in sustainable transportation of cargo. Human reliability analysis (HRA), related to various parameters such as the human factor, technology, and ergonomics, is always a critical consideration as regards maritime safety and environment. The main focus of the research is to systematically predict human error potentials for designated tasks and to determine the required safety control levels on-board LPG ships. The paper adopted CREAM (Cognitive reliability and error analysis method) basic and extended versions in order to assess human reliability along with the cargo loading process on-board LPG tanker ships. Specifically, the model is demonstrated with an operational case study. Consequently, the research provides should contribute to maritime safety at sea and prevention of human injury and loss of life on-board LPG ship.     

利用MOBILE 6.2模型预测LPG出租车排放因子

针对MOBILE6．2预测天然气汽车排放因子的功能，分析了其在预测液化石油气（LPG）轻型汽车上的可行性。并根据LPG出租车汽车排放总量分析系统（VMAS）测试结果，得到所需参数，预测了实验车队的排放因子，与实测值的误差≤10％，表明MOBILE6．2预测LPG轻型汽车排放因子具有良好的适用性。     

Process safety management lessons learned from a fire and explosion accident caused by a liquefied petroleum gas leak in an aromatics reforming unit in Taiwan

A severe fire and explosion accident was caused by a liquefied petroleum gas leak in Taiwan in 2019. This accident resulted in the loss of approximately US$3.5 billion in output value due to a one-and-a-half-year shutdown after the accident; however, no casualties were recorded at the accident scene. An analysis of the accident pipelines demonstrated that the pipeline leak had been caused by hydrochloric acid corrosion. Cause analysis based on the accident timeline, fault tree analysis, and causal factor charting indicated inadequacies in five elements of process safety management (PSM) namely mechanical integrity (MI), management of change, emergency planning and response, process hazard analysis (PHA), and process safety information (PSI) as the root causes of the accident. Furthermore, insufficient PSI (i.e., a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding corrosion mechanisms) was deemed to have been the core problem leading to the accident. This accident revealed common shortcomings that are often overlooked in PSM implementation in Taiwan; thus, the present research can serve as a vital reference for improving PSM programs in Taiwan.