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31.
基于遥感与GIS的土地利用动态变化研究 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
土地是人类社会经济活动的载体;土地利用是指人类对作为生产生活资料的土地的利用方式和强度;而土地利用动态变化则反映了土地利用方式的发展变化趋势。土地利用动态变化在数量,方式,强度,结构和趋势等方面存在很大的差异。全面,客观地反映土地利用动态变化有利于正确认识当前土地利用中合理和不合理的利用方式,为制定长期,可持续发展的土地管理和土地规划提供依据。遥感技术提供巨大而丰富的信息源,GIS技术具有强大的数据处理,空间分析等功能,二者的结合有着传统方式无法比拟的优越性,具有周期短,效率高,费用低等特点,在土地利用变化监测中发挥着巨大的作用。制定详细的技术手段,对重庆市15年间的土地利用及其动态变化在时间序列和空间序列上加以分析,阐明这种变化的外在表象,即耕地,林地的减少和城镇用地的增加;同时分析这种变化的内在驱动力主要为自然环境(坡度,高程,土壤等)和人文要素(经济条件与人口压力等)。为国土资源的有效可持续利用提供决策依据。 相似文献
32.
Environmental implications of changes in the levels of lakes in the Ethiopian Rift since 1970 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Ethiopian rift is characterized by a chain of lakes of various sizes and hydrological and hydrogeological settings. The rift lakes and feeder rivers are used for irrigation, soda extraction, commercial fish farming, and recreation, and they support a wide variety of endemic birds and wild animals. The levels of some of these lakes have changed dramatically over the last three decades. Lakes that are relatively uninfluenced by human activities (Langano and Abaya) remain stable except for the usual inter-annual variations, strongly influenced by rainfall. Some lakes have shrunk due to excessive abstraction of water; others have expanded due to increases in surface runoff and groundwater flux from percolated irrigation water. Lakes Abiyata and Beseka, both heavily impacted by human activities, show contrasting lake level trends: the level of Abiayata has dropped by about 5 m over three decades because of the extraction of water for soda and an upstream diversion for irrigation. Beseka has expanded from an area of 2.5 to 40 km2 over the last three decades because of increased groundwater inputs from percolated irrigation water. Lake Awassa has risen slightly due to land use changes resulting in increased runoff in its catchment. This paper addresses these lake level changes and their environmental repercussions, based on evidence from hydrometeorological records, hydrogeological field mapping supported by aerial photography and satellite imagery interpretations, water balance estimation, and hydrological modeling. A converging evidence approach is used to reconstruct the temporal and spatial variations of lake levels. The results reveal that the major changes in the rift valley are mainly related to anthropogenic factors. These changes appear to have grave environmental consequences for the fragile rift ecosystem. These consequences demand the very urgent implementation of integrated basin wide water management practice. 相似文献
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Vegetation changes associated with barrier-dune construction on the outer banks of North Carolina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manmade dunes are used to stabilize the barrier islands of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States so that they are more amenable to development. Although this strategy has stabilized extensive sections of the barrier-island substrate, it has also caused significant ecological changes. The rate and pattern of the resulting vegetation changes along the Outer Banks of North Carolina were determined using sequential aerial photography. Successional trends have been altered in favor of more stable woody communities. 相似文献
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37.
Miyun County,located in the northeast of Chinese capital Beijing,was underwent remarkable variations in land use in recent years.This paper aimed to detect changes in land use of Miyun from 1997 to 2005,and to qualify the response of ecosystem to LUCC based on ecosystem services valuation.With two-periods TM images,we got land use change data,and then ecosystem services values were calculated using ecosystem services valuation coefficients proposed by Chinese scholar Xie Gaodi.Results showed that water area,farm land and unused land decreased while residential land,forest land,grassland and orchard land increased during the study period.The loss of ESV was RMB 206 million and the main reason was the decrease of water area and farm land area.As for spatial variation,there were most dramatically land use change and ESV decline in reservoir ecological protection region.The coefficient sensitivity analysis indicates that valuation coefficients used in the study are suitable and results are reasonable.The driving forces of ESV loss were rapid population growth and economic development.More work should be done to make eco-environment stay healthy. 相似文献
38.
Use of Descriptors of Ecosystem Functioning for Monitoring a National Park Network: A Remote Sensing Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Baseline assessments and monitoring of protected areas are essential for making management decisions, evaluating the effectiveness
of management practices, and tracking the effects of global changes. For these purposes, the analysis of functional attributes
of ecosystems (i.e., different aspects of the exchange of matter and energy) has advantages over the traditional use of structural
attributes, like a quicker response to disturbances and the fact that they are easily monitored through remote sensing. In
this study, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of different aspects of the ecosystem functioning of the Spanish national
parks and their response to environmental changes between 1982 and 2006. To do so, we used the NOAA/AVHRR-GIMMS dataset of
the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a linear estimator of the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation intercepted
by vegetation, which is the main control of carbon gains. Nearly all parks have significantly changed during the last 25 years:
The radiation interception has increased, the contrast between the growing and nongrowing seasons has diminished, and the
dates of maximum and minimum interception have advanced. Some parks concentrated more changes than others and the degree of
change varied depending on their different environmental conditions, management, and conservation histories. Our approach
identified reference conditions and temporal changes for different aspects of ecosystem functioning, which can be used for
management purposes of protected areas in response to global changes. 相似文献
39.
根据近十年来江西省森林公园旅游产业收入在全国森林公园旅游产业经济发展中的地位变动情况,分析了影响江西省森林公园旅游产业发展的积极因素和消极因素,对江西省森林公园旅游产业建设的可持续稳定发展提出建设性建议。 相似文献
40.
太湖流域的稻麦两熟复种大约产生于东晋南朝时期(317~589年),此后这一种植制度长期存在,并不断有所发展。考察发现,此一区域的稻麦两熟在历史上的大多数时候并无突出的季节矛盾,只是有两个时期例外。这两个时期一是明末清初,一是19世纪。太湖流域历史上突出的季节矛盾不由人口、品种等社会原因引起,而由气候变化这一自然因素导致。明末清初和19世纪分别是历史上最为寒冷的时期,是气候变冷造成了这一区域稻麦两熟突出的季节矛盾 相似文献