An approach for assessing the suitability of Ceriodaphnia rigaudii as an indigenous tropical toxicity test species

Although the selection criteria for toxicity test species are well-documented, they do not provide a clear approach for establishing the suitability of a species for regulatory testing. This study looks at the approach used to determine if Ceriodaphnia rigaudii, an indigenous tropical cladoceran species, may be designated as a suitable freshwater test species for regulatory testing in Trinidad and Tobago. The approach involved species identification, life cycle characterization, salinity tolerance, toxicological responses to standard chemicals, and comparative sensitivity evaluation with an established test species. The results showed that C. rigaudii (0.45 mm) was significantly smaller in size, had a shorter life cycle and matured faster than temperate cladoceran species such as Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna (3–6 mm). Ceriodaphnia rigaudii has a life span of about 10–15 days and reached sexual maturity within 2 days, whereas D. magna had a life span of about 40–50 days and attained sexual maturity within 6–10 days. The LC₅₀ values for C. rigaudii were significantly less than D. magna for the six compounds tested. Interspecies correlation also showed a low positive correlation, suggesting that the sensitivities of both species were not similar for the compounds tested. The sensitivity factors of C. rigaudii and D. magna for the toxicants ranged 0.01–12.3, suggesting that C. rigaudii was more sensitive than D. magna. This study was useful in defining a stepwise approach to help establish C. rigaudii as an indigenous tropical toxicity test species in Trinidad.     

Improvement of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analytical method for reclaimed water

Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. ZJ2, Pseudomonas saponiphila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density (10⁴ CFU·mL^-1) and higher incubation temperature (25°C) could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water.     

生物样品体外致突变高通量检测方法研究进展

评述了几种常用的体外致突变检测方法及其用于生物样品检测的可行性,有些方法经改进可用于高通量检测生物样品体外致突变性.经典Ames实验受生物样品中组氨酸的影响,易产生假阳性结果,尽管经过修正可以排除组氨酸的干扰,但操作繁琐,不适合高通量检测.基于SOS反应的检测体系避开了组氨酸的影响,且简单易行,适合高通量检测:以β-半乳糖苷酶基因(lacZ)作为报告基因的检测体系灵敏度高,且经过离心洗涤或后培养的方式可降低样品颜色的影响;以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因作为报告基因的检测体系避开了颜色的干扰,但这类方法灵敏度普遍不高,可以寻找信号更强的荧光蛋白以替代GFP;荧光素酶(lux)基因集lacZ和GFP的优点于一身,但检测时需要额外添加辅助因子,限制了其应用.也对单细胞凝胶电泳、tk基因突变实验、染色体损伤检测等方法进行了分析,有些适合生物样品高通量检测,但由于缺少国际通用的标准,很难推广使用.     

女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响

采用旷场实验,通过连续6天的实验观察,分析昆明种小白鼠在不同浓度女贞枝叶挥发气味环境中处理后其行为指标的变化,研究了女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响,以此来客观评价女贞挥发物的保健功能。结果表明:1)处理组小白鼠运动总路程大于对照组,表明女贞挥发物有助于提高小白鼠的兴奋性。2)中央活动路程和站立次数两项指标呈现阶段性变化,探究适应阶段处理组小白鼠的指标数值显著高于对照组,熟悉环境阶段组间差异减小,但处理组的指标数值下降幅度小于对照组,表明女贞挥发物有利于促进小白鼠的探究性行为,提高其感知能力、学习和记忆力水平。3)实验过程中处理组小白鼠的粪便粒数始终比对照组少,表明女贞枝叶挥发物有利于缓解小鼠对新环境的紧张状态。     

2000m~3丙烯球罐壳体水压试验的可靠性分析

随着大型化、高参数化球罐的广泛使用,可靠性设计方法在球罐设计中起着日益重要的作用。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS的概率设计功能,将压力载荷、球壳壁厚、壳体直径、屈服极限作为随机输入变量,对球罐壳体水压试验进行可靠性分析,获得了壳体的可靠度、壳体应力分布对各随机变量的灵敏度等参数,为大型球罐的设计提供理论依据。     

滤筒式除尘器的脉冲清灰噪声测试及分析

滤筒除尘器在使用过程中需要通过脉冲喷吹清灰来维持本身的正常运行,脉冲喷吹是以压缩空气为清灰动力,运行过程中势必会产生噪声,其在一些噪声有限值要求的场合,如空调净化系统中使用时,必须考虑降低噪声以达到相关噪声限值的要求。对滤筒除尘器在脉冲喷吹清灰时产生的噪声做了测试,并与空调净化系统中的噪声限值做了对比分析,提出了滤筒除尘器在空调净化系统中使用时对脉冲喷吹清灰噪声控制的具体而有效的解决办法。     

锂离子电池火灾危险性研究

为解决锂离子电池在应用、运输中的火灾安全问题,并为锂离子电池火灾扑灭技术研究提供支撑,以钴酸锂18650型及大容量的聚合物锂离子电池为研究对象,通过开展针刺、短路、耐热等滥用试验寻求锂离子电池及电池组引发火灾的条件和因素。通过开展燃烧试验,分析锂离子电池的燃烧特点。试验结果表明:正极材料为钴酸锂的18650型锂离子电池自燃温度约为170℃,大容量的聚合物锂离子电池组在内部短路后,可能发生燃烧甚至轰燃现象且燃烧残留物温度高,易引发火灾;18650型锂离子电池在短路条件下会长时间持续放热,存在引发火灾的可能;单只锂离子电池燃烧后能够引燃相邻的电池,从而形成电池组的连锁燃烧反应。     

矿用防爆柴油机标准分析与研究

无轨辅助运输技术是当今世界上最先进的煤矿辅助运输技术,矿用柴油发动机作为无轨辅助运输设备的主要心脏部件之一,其许多参数都和煤矿安全密切相关。本文阐述了矿用防爆柴油机要求和特点、采用的技术措施、标准现状,同时对目前矿用防爆柴油机的标准进行了结构分析,提出了防爆柴油机标准要增加的内容。     

火灾试验分布式数据采集系统的开发与应用

火灾试验能真实的模拟建筑物火灾场景,为了获取火灾试验过程中温度场、气体浓度场等数据,设计开发了火灾试验分布式数据采集系统。系统采用分布式、多线程等技术手段,实现了数据的实时采集显示和存储,实时性高,数据传输快,冗余数据少。系统的建立具有较高的实用价值,为建筑物通风排烟系统有效性的检验提供了支撑。     

高强与高性能混凝土的收缩与开裂

高强与高性能混凝土胶结料用量较多,砂率较大,粗骨料用量相对较少,因此若处理不妥易出现混凝土早期开裂现象.通过圆环法试验,研究分析高强与高性能混凝土易于开裂的原因及主要影响因素,对商品泵送混凝土配合比的优化提出了建议.同时采用不同的混凝土收缩变形公式进行计算并将计算值与试验值进行了对比,探讨了适合于高强与高性能混凝土收缩变形的实用计算公式.