NO_X大气化学概论及全球NO_X释放源综述

NOX 在全球大气环境、气候变化和地圈N生物地球化学循环中起着极其重要的作用。本文综述了NOX 大气浓度增长对对流层大气O3污染、大气氧化能力和酸沉降及平流层O3消耗的影响 ;同时探讨了全球NOX 释放源组成、年释放总量和人类活动的贡献 ,并与N2 O的源组成进行了对比。     

Leaf volatiles and polyphenols in pear trees infested byPsylla pyricola. Evidence of simultaneously induced responses

Summary Feeding by the homopteranPsylla pyricola on leaves of pear trees induces the production of volatile compounds, such as (E,E)--farnesene and methyl-salicylate, as well as the production of polyphenols. The inference on induction is based on GC-MS and HPLC chromatograms from the same samples ofPsylla infested leaves, leaves from the same pear tree beforePsylla infestation and uninfested leaves from other pear trees.Psylla infestation greatly enhanced the production of volatiles ((E,E)--farnesene, methyl-salicylate and others) and triggered the production of new polyphenols, characterized by much longer retention times.However, the responses to infestation depend critically on leaf age (defined by leaf distance to apex). With respect to the leaf volatiles it appears that infested, old leaves produce fewer compounds and lower amounts of the volatiles than infested, young leaves. Moreover, there seem to be differences in pattern. Relative to (E,E)--farnesene, methyl-salicylate was found in much lower amounts in heavily infested, old leaves. With respect to polyphenols it was found that infested old leaves collected in August have polyphenols with the same retention times, but more or less equal amounts as uninfested young leaves collected in May. This shows thatPsylla infestation causes the induced response mostly in young leaves.The induced leaf volatiles may act as synomones to heteropteran bugs. As shown elsewhere,Anthocoris nemoralis responds significantly to (E,E)--farnesene and methyl-salicylate when offered in pure form against clean air in a Y-tube olfactometer. The effect of polyphenols on the performance ofP. pyricola is not yet known. Hence, a role in direct defence is still to be investigated.     

PAC-MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭（PAC）作为载体的膜生物反应器（MBR）处理吹脱后垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能。在HRT=3d、NH4^＋N=200～500mg／L条件下，进水pH〉8．7时，PAC-MBR和没有添加PAC的普通MBR均只能将氨氮转化为NO2^-；降低pH至7．6～8．2时，PAC—MBR中的亚硝酸盐氧化菌迅速恢复活性，将NO／完全转化为硝酸盐，而普通MBR仍然停留在亚硝化阶段；当吹脱取消后，NO／迅速消失，这可能与取消吹脱后，不再使用大量硫酸进行pH调节有关。研究发现，当SO4^2-为3g／L时，氨氮氧化速度出现了明显的下降，表明SO4^2-对硝化菌具有抑制作用；同时，微生物代谢产物（SMP）分泌量越高，NO2^-含量越低，但是SMP不是影响NO2^-积累的主要原因。     

Production and Consumption of NO in Forest and Pasture Soils from the Amazon Basin

NO production and the rate constant of NO consumptionin soil samples from Amazonian forest and pasturesites were determined in the laboratory. The purposewas to study NO production and consumption in soilsfrom both types of land use as functions of soiltemperature and soil moisture. NO productionincreased exponentially with soil temperature. Thedegree of increase depended on soil moisture,indicating that the response of NO production to achange in soil temperature is most pronounced at acertain intermediate soil moisture. NO productionpeaked at a soil moisture of 0.10 g g^-1, correspondingto 0.27 and 0.38 water-filled pore space for forestand pasture soils, respectively. The optimum soilmoisture for which maximum NO release was observedwas independent of soil temperature. NO consumptionwas most efficient at high soil temperatures andunder dry soil conditions. NO release wasapproximately 10 times larger for forest than pasturesoil. The difference may be related to the higherNO₃^- content in forest soil.     

Detailed in-furnace measurements with reburning of superfine pulverized coal in high CO2 concentration

This paper presents detailed measurements of gaseous species during the reburning process with high CO₂ concentration in a bench-scale furnace. Superfine pulverized coal, with the average particle size below or around 20 μm, is used as the reburning fuel. The data of flue gas concentration (NO_x, HCN, NH₃, CH₄, O₂, CO, CO₂ etc.) is obtained in order to reveal the intrinsic connection between NO_x emissions and other influential gaseous species at different positions of the furnace. The finding concludes that the advantage of superfine pulverized coal with regard to NO reduction is more efficient in homogeneous stage rather than heterogeneous stage. Meanwhile, the evolution of HCN and CH₄ agrees well with each stage of NO reduction, which indicates that these gaseous species are favorable for NO abatement. Eventually, oxygen consumption rate for superfine pulverized coal is relatively faster, conducive to strengthen both homogeneous and heterogeneous NO reduction under CO₂ reburning condition.     

旋转填充床强化吸收模拟烟气中NO的研究

旋转填充床(RPB)是一种新兴、高效的气液传质设备。以H_2O_2、NaOH及H_2O_2+NaOH复合溶液作为吸收液,采用旋转填充床对含NO模拟烟气的吸收过程进行试验,考察了PRB的转速、气液比对超重力旋转填充床强化传质性能的影响,不同种类的吸收液及浓度、吸收反应时间对脱除低浓度NO效率的影响,以及吸收产物的种类及分布。结果表明,当超重力旋转填充床的转速为900 r/min、气液比为5∶1时,以0.8 mol/L H_2O_2为吸收液的NO脱除率为38%;以0.01 mol/L NaOH为吸收液的NO脱除率为34%;以0.03 mol/L NaOH和0.4 mol/L H_2O_2为复合吸收液时,NO脱除率达95%,NO被吸收后的产物为硝酸根和亚硝酸根离子,成分简单,经简单处理可制成工业原料,直接回收利用。     

Relationship between Pd oxidation states on TiO2 and the photocatalytic oxidation behaviors of nitric oxide

This study has been undertaken to investigate the relationship between Pd oxidation states on TiO₂ photocatalysts and their photocatalytic oxidation behaviors of NO. Three types of Pd-modified TiO₂ with different Pd oxidation states were prepared by wet impregnation method, neutralization method and photodeposition method, respectively. And these Pd-modified photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis (XPS), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). It was found from XPS results that the dominant oxidation states of Pd on these Pd-modified TiO₂ catalysts were Pd²⁺, PdO, and Pd⁰, respectively. NO-TPD results showed that the NO adsorption capacity was improved greatly by the modification of Pd²⁺ ions. The activity tests showed that Pd-modified TiO₂ by a wet impregnation method increased photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO₂ (Degussa P25). It was concluded that Pd²⁺ ions on as-prepared TiO₂ catalysts provided key contributions to the improvement of photocatalytic activity. However, Pd⁰ and PdO deposits on TiO₂ almost had no positive effect on NO oxidation. The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of NO in gas phase over Pd-modified TiO₂ was also proposed.     

Ce-Fe/ACF催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO的研究

以ACF作为载体制备了一系列不同质量分数的CeO2和Fe2O3混合负载型催化剂,研究了它们催化净化NO的低温活性和活性的稳定性。同时,对比研究了CeO2/ACF和Ce-Fe/ACF净化NO的能力。活性实验结果表明,催化剂中加入Fe2O3作为助催化,能使催化剂活性、稳定性等得到明显改善。反应温度为80~120℃时,比相同质量分数CeO2/ACF催化剂的NO脱除效率提高幅度最大达到18.11%,增幅度较大;随着反应温度的升高,催化剂的脱硝效率提高幅度趋小,反应温度为200℃时,两者相比,NO脱除效率仅提高1.98%;而后随着温度的攀升,催化剂的脱硝效率提高幅度又慢慢趋大,且其效率平稳。     

Influences of pH value in deposition-precipitation synthesis process on Pt-doped TiO2 catalysts for photocatalytic oxidation of NO

This work has been undertaken to study the influences of pH value on the characteristics and activity of photocatalyst by deposition-precipitation method during its preparation process. A series of Pt-modified TiO₂ were prepared by deposition-precipitation method at different pH values as well as wet impregnation method, and characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that the catalysts had the highest photocatalytic activity for NO conversion when pH value was kept at around 7. And the sample prepared by deposition-precipitation method showed higher activity than that by impregnation method. This was mainly due to their high value in highly-dispersed platinum oxides (PtOx) content on the surface of the catalysts. The results from UV-Vis absorption showed that highest absorbance was obtained for Pt/TiO₂ prepared at pH values of around 7. And PL spectra results indicated that the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes of the samples prepared by deposition-precipitation method was lower than that prepared by impregnation method. And in the zeta potential study, the pH values for the isoelectric point of the preparing slurry of 0.05 wt.%Pt/TiO₂ and 0.5 wt.%Pt/TiO₂ were determined to be 6.5-8.5, which further confirmed the enrichment of PtOx dopants for the catalysts repapered when pH value was around 7.     

壳聚糖-钇多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能与机理分析

以壳聚糖和Y2(OH)5NO3为原料通过乳液交联法制备了壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法对其表面形貌、结构进行了表征.探讨了溶液的pH值、反应时间、投加量、离子初始浓度对其吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明,壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球在pH值为3的酸性环境中对Cr(Ⅵ)保持了较高的吸附能力,吸附容量为52.39mg·g-1,其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;通过吸附机理的研究,发现壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附是化学吸附静电吸附协同氧化Cr(Ⅵ)离子作用来实现的.