中国NO2的季节分布及成因分析

利用OMI卫星观测的对流层NO₂柱浓度和113个重点城市地面ρ(NO₂)监测数据,结合753个监测站降水资料以及中国气象局气象信息综合分析处理系统(MICAPS)气压场数据,研究了中国NO₂的季节分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:卫星遥感数据和地面监测数据同步显示了中国NO₂浓度冬季峰值、夏季谷值的季节分布特征;月降水量与地面监测的ρ(NO₂)呈负相关,相关系数为0.71.气压场平均结果表明,边界层气压场的特征是影响NO₂浓度季节分布的另一个主要因素.      

港口NO_2、PM_(10)与天气因素的多重分形研究

对港口大气污染物NO_2、PM_(10)和天气因素进行MF-DCCA分析研究,系统地分析了NO_2、PM_(10)与3种天气因素之间复杂关系。从整体角度上,研究表明NO_2、PM_(10)与天气因素均具有长程相关性、多重分形特性;天气因素对PM_(10)的影响程度要强于对NO_2的影响程度。从四季的角度上,研究发现,NO_2、PM_(10)浓度在春季有下降趋势,在秋季有上扬趋势。     

焙烧温度对Fe2O3/SAPO-34催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO性能的影响

采用尿素沉淀法制备了一系列Fe_2O_3/SAPO-34催化剂,考察了催化剂焙烧温度(200、300、400、500℃)对低温NH_3选择性催化还原(NH_3-SCR)NO性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱附、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)等多种手段对催化剂的表面结构和物理化学性质进行表征分析.XRD和FE-SEM分析表明,在较低的焙烧温度(400℃)下,铁物种能够高度均匀地负载在SAPO-34表面上.NH_3-TPD和H_2-TPR分析表明,高分散状态的Fe_2O_3使催化剂暴露出更多的强酸位和活性位,有利于提高催化剂的NH_3吸附和活化能力及氧化还原性能,从而使催化剂呈现出更高的低温SCR活性.BET和XPS分析表明,在较低的焙烧温度下,Fe_2O_3/SAPO-34催化剂具有更大的比表面积和更高的化学吸附氧比例,促进NO氧化为中间产物NO_2,从而加快低温SCR反应的进行.活性测试结果表明,300℃焙烧的Fe_2O_3/SAPO-34催化剂具有最佳的低温活性和较强的抗硫抗水性能,在空速为40000 h~(-1)的条件下,且反应温度为190~240℃时,NO转化率达90%以上且N_2选择性接近100%.     

Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream using non-thermal plasma

In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO_2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously,the removal of NO and SO_2 from dry gas stream(NO/SO_2/N_2/O_2)with very little O_2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge.Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O_2 concentration of 0.1%.The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream.It seems that SO_2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream.The mechanism of removal of NO and SO_2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.     

NO conversion by positive streamer discharge-effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions

The effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions on NO conversion by positive streamer discharge were experimentally investigated by using a link tooth wheel-cylinder reactor. The results showed that NO conversion increased with increasing O₂ concentration and NH₃ concentration, but decreased with increasing inlet NO concentration and gas flow rate. The addition of CO₂ or H₂O to the feed gas promoted NO conversion by increasing the maximum discharge voltage, and NH₄NO₃ was formed in the presence of NH₃. There was a most suitable range interval between discharge tooth wheels if both NO conversion and energy consumption were considered. Increasing applied voltage resulted in the increase in the amount of O₃ generated by streamer discharge.     

冬季猪粪固体堆放过程中NH3、N2O和NO排放特征研究

针对农村猪粪典型处理方式中的固体堆放管理,研究猪粪在冬季(2012年11月~2013年2月)固体堆放过程中NH3、N2O和NO排放特征.实验共设两个处理——无覆盖(non-covered,NC)和水稻秸秆覆盖(covered,C),堆放时间为73 d,期间进行了3次翻堆操作.实验观测了3种含氮气体(NH3、N2O和NO)的排放通量和堆体剖面N2O浓度变化.结果表明,猪粪固体堆放过程中NH3、N2O和NO排放累积量(以N计)分别占初始TN的比例为2.1%~2.6%、0.02%和~0.000 25%.两个处理的含氮气体排放通量变化趋势基本一致,且有覆盖堆体的含氮气体的排放量略低于无覆盖堆体.在堆放初期,NH3排放量最先出现峰值,之后N2O和NO排放开始增加.NH3和NO在固体堆放的中前期呈现互为消长的变化趋势;到堆放后期,N2O开始出现比前期高出两倍的排放高峰,而NH3和NO出现小幅增长.翻堆前后,NH3的排放无明显变化,而N2O排放在翻堆后均出现降低的变化,NO排放却出现升高的变化.     

碳底物含量对厌氧条件下水稻土N2、N2O、NO、CO2和CH4排放的影响

理解底物碳氮对厌氧条件下水稻土排放氮素气体——氮气(N2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和一氧化氮(NO)以及二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的影响,有助于制定合理的温室气体减排措施,定量了解反硝化产物组成对碳底物水平的依赖性,也有助于氮转化过程模型研发中制定正确的关键过程参数选取方法或参数化方案.本研究采用粉砂壤质水稻土为研究对象,设置对照(CK)和加碳(C+)两个处理,前者的初始硝态氮和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量分别为~50 mg·kg-1和~28 mg·kg-1,后者的分别为~50 mg·kg-1和~300 mg·kg-1.采用氦环境培养-气体及碳氮底物直接同步测定系统,研究了完全厌氧条件下碳底物水平对上述气体排放的影响.结果表明,CK处理无CH4排放,而C+处理可观测到CH4排放;C+处理的综合增温潜势显著高于CK处理(P<0.01);NO、N2O和N2排放量占这3种氮素气体排放总量的比重,在CK处理分别约为9%、35%和56%,在C+处理分别约为31%、50%和19%,处理间差异显著(P<0.01).由此表明,碳底物水平可显著改变所排放氮素气体的组成;对于旱地阶段硝态氮比较丰富的水稻土,避免在淹水前或淹水期间施用有机肥,有利于削减温室气体排放.     

废茶活性炭脱硫脱硝性能的应用研究

为探讨废茶活性炭对于SO2和NO脱除作用的制约因素,分别考察了材料孔径结构、石墨化程度及表面结构对其脱硫脱硝性能的影响,同时研究了其吸附机制及动力学过程.结果表明,较高的石墨化程度是影响材料脱硫性能的主要因素,微孔径较小且含氮碱性基团较高时有利于SO2的脱除;发达的中孔结构是制约NO脱除效率的关键因素,含氮碱性基团对NO的脱除具有一定的促进作用;烟气中SO2和NO共存时,材料的脱硫脱硝性能均有所降低,氧气和水蒸气的加入能够改善其脱硫脱硝效率;废茶活性炭在无水环境下对于SO2和NO的吸附作用均以物理吸附为主,水蒸气的存在促进了材料对SO2的化学吸附;通过动力学模型的拟合发现,Bangham吸附模型能够很好地描述材料脱硫脱硝的动力学过程,其R2均高于0.989,材料对于SO2和NO的吸附速率常数均随氧气和水蒸气的加入而减小.     

Characteristics of NO reduction with non-thermal plasma

As a new type of NO removal system, NO reduction in N2-NO plasma was applied to solve the difficulties in the traditional methods, such as higher energy-consumption, larger equipment size and high cost, and so on. Using the experimental NO reduction system with single-pair electrode tip discharge structure, the NO reduction characteristics of N~-NO system were revealed to guide the engineering practice; the results of NO reduction with single-pair electrode tip discharge plasma also have the same instructive meaning to the NO reduction with multi-pair electrode tip discharge plasma. The amount of both active N atom and NO removal rate increased with the distance /g increasing between the two electrode tips and then dropped when the distance exceeded a certain value. The NO removal rate increased while the voltage between two electrode tips or the resident time of gas flow increased. The distance is a key geometrical variable factor that can determine the intensity of electric field between two electrode tips and the resident time of gas. In this paper, the effects of the dielectric features on NO reduction using dielectric-barrier discharge plasma system were also studied. The results of NO removal rate with different dielectrics such as Al2O3, CaO. MgO and glass showed that the electric field intensity is different with different dielectric, because it brings different energy to particles in discharge room and thus it causes different NO removal rate.     

Synergistic removal of nitrogen monoxide using non-thermal plasma and catalyst simultaneously

An experimental system of De-NO with plasma-catalyst（Cu zeolite） was established to investigate the differences between De- NO with plasma-catalyst and De-NO only with plasma, to provide the instruction for selecting appropriate catalyst and operating condition, The characteristics of De-NO with plasma and De-NO with plasma-catalyst were investigated comparatively by experiments. The experimental results show that De-NO with plasma-catalyst has high NO removal rate; Cu zeolite is an effective catalyst which can promote NO removal rate in plasma remarkably; De-NO with plasma-catalyst should be operated at low temperature and the temperature has opposite effects on the function of catalvst and plasma; water vapor and O2 can increase the NO removal rate.