对三点比较式臭袋法的浅见

针对臭气浓度的标准分析方法——三点比较式臭袋法,在分析过程中引入"无法辨别"选项,并建议稀释倍数由标准限值确定。经实际案例验证,采用改进后的方法,分析结果更接近现场的真实状况,从而提高了嗅辨结果的准确性,并减轻了嗅辨员的嗅觉疲劳。     

A STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING BASED APPROACH TO THE OPERATION OF A MULTI-RESERVOIR SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: An heuristic iterative technique based upon stochastic dynamic programming is presented for the analysis of the operation of a three reservoir ‘Y’ shaped hydroelectric system. The technique is initiated using historical inflow data for the downstream reservoir. At each iteration the optimal policies for the downstream hydroelectric generating unit are used to provide relative weightings or targets for operation of upstream reservoirs. New input inflows to the downstream reservoir are then obtained by running the historical streamflow record through the optimal policies for the upstream reservoirs. These flows are then used to develop a new operating policy for the downstream reservoir and hence new targets for the upstream reservoirs. The process is continued until the operating policies for each reservoir provide the same overall system benefit for two successive iterations. Results obtained from the procedure are compared to the results obtained by historical operation of the system. The procedure is shown to develop operating policies which give benefits which are as close to the historical benefits as can be expected given the choice of the number of storage state variables.     

恶臭(三点比较式臭袋法)测定中若干问题探讨

恶臭测定有别于仪器分析和化学分析。文章对恶臭测定实践中遇到的若干问题做了分析和探讨。     

高职院校环境监察专业教学改革研究

高职院校学生与本科院校学生的教育特点不同，高职院校环境监察专业有其特殊的专业特色。环境监察专业为了达到更好的教育目的，需要从人才培养、课程体系建设、教学方法改革和实践教学探索等方面入手，不断改革人才培养方案，才能满足社会对专业人才的需求。     

舰艇舱室环境中的恶臭污染和优先控制策略

介绍了恶臭物质对人体健康的影响，分析了舰艇舱室内常见恶臭物质的分类、气味性质及来源，比对了国内外恶臭污染控制的相关标准。通过分析恶臭污染物的检出频次、毒性效应、气味安全级别、综合分值和艇内危害等级等指标，提出了舰艇舱室环境中24种恶臭物质的优先控制名单，指出舰艇的通风设计和硬件设备改进对于控制恶臭污染也很重要。     

恶臭气体环境污染损害评估方法初探

依据环境保护部《关于开展环境污染损害鉴定评估工作的若干意见》(环发[2011]60号)及附件《环境污染损害数额计算推荐方法(第I版)》和《突发环境事件污染损害评估工作暂行办法》(征求意见稿),以日照市某公司恶臭气体污染事故为例,按照污染事故损害评估技术路线,通过现场调查和实验室监测分析主要污染物,从人身损害、应急处置、调查评估以及污染修复等方面的损害评估进行了初步探索。     

"三点比较式臭袋法"嗅辨员的优化选择

在利用"三点比较式臭袋法"测定恶臭时,嗅辨员发挥关键作用.在实际测定过程中,由于嗅辨员的嗅觉阈值不同,嗅觉敏感度不同,从而造成监测结果产生较大差别.通过细分嗅辨员的级别,优化嗅辨小组的人员结构,从而保证监测结果的准确性.     

新疆经济可持续发展中的环境对策

本文从新疆生态环境与经济的特征出发，具体探讨了生态环境与资源开发，经济发展之间的关系和互相协调发展的途径，从宏观上提出了新疆可持续发展的内涵和环境政策取向。     

Addressing behavior in pollinator conservation policies to combat the implementation gap

Solutions for conserving biodiversity lie in changing people's behavior. Ambitious international and national conservation policies frequently fail to effectively mitigate biodiversity loss because they rarely apply behavior-change theories. We conducted a gap analysis of conservation behavior-change interventions advocated in national conservation strategies with the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), a comprehensive framework for systematically characterizing and designing behavior-change interventions. Using pollinator conservation as a case study, we classified the conservation actions listed in national pollinator initiatives in relation to intervention functions and policy categories of the BCW. We included all national-level policy documents from the European Union available in March 2019 that focused on conservation of pollinators (n = 8). A total of 610 pollinator conservation actions were coded using in-depth directed content analysis, resulting in the identification of 787 intervention function and 766 policy category codes. Overall, these initiatives did not employ the entire breadth of behavioral interventions. Intervention functions most frequently identified were education (23%) and environmental restructuring (19%). Least frequently identified intervention functions were incentivization (3%), and restriction (2%) and coercion were completely absent (0%). Importantly, 41% of all pollinator conservation actions failed to identify whose behavior was to be changed. Building on these analyses, we suggest that reasons for the serious implementation gap in national and international conservation policies is founded in insufficient understanding of which behavioral interventions to employ for most beneficial impacts on biodiversity and how to clearly specify the intervention targets. We recommend that policy advisors engage with behavior-change theory to design effective behavior-change interventions that underpin successful conservation policies.     

Retaining natural vegetation to safeguard biodiversity and humanity

Global efforts to deliver internationally agreed goals to reduce carbon emissions, halt biodiversity loss, and retain essential ecosystem services have been poorly integrated. These goals rely in part on preserving natural (e.g., native, largely unmodified) and seminatural (e.g., low intensity or sustainable human use) forests, woodlands, and grasslands. To show how to unify these goals, we empirically derived spatially explicit, quantitative, area-based targets for the retention of natural and seminatural (e.g., native) terrestrial vegetation worldwide. We used a 250-m-resolution map of natural and seminatural vegetation cover and, from this, selected areas identified under different international agreements as being important for achieving global biodiversity, carbon, soil, and water targets. At least 67 million km² of Earth's terrestrial vegetation (∼79% of the area of vegetation remaining) required retention to contribute to biodiversity, climate, soil, and freshwater conservation objectives under 4 United Nations’ resolutions. This equates to retaining natural and seminatural vegetation across at least 50% of the total terrestrial (excluding Antarctica) surface of Earth. Retention efforts could contribute to multiple goals simultaneously, especially where natural and seminatural vegetation can be managed to achieve cobenefits for biodiversity, carbon storage, and ecosystem service provision. Such management can and should co-occur and be driven by people who live in and rely on places where natural and sustainably managed vegetation remains in situ and must be complemented by restoration and appropriate management of more human-modified environments if global goals are to be realized.