气体脱硫装置的优化运行

中石化洛阳分公司炼油厂二催化车间自开工以来重视清洁生产和环境保护，针对干气及液态烃脱硫装置进行多次技术改造，保证了产品质量和装置长周期运行，创造出良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

应用UBET模拟环形件金属流动及毛坯尺寸优化

利用上限单元法(UBET)数值模拟了自行车飞轮外壳的成形过程.优化出模锻自行车飞轮外壳的圆环毛坯尺寸.研究了环形件金属的流动规律和过程.并且用实验验证优化出的毛坯尺寸.试验结果与优化结果基本吻合.     

氰化物分析的条件优选及相关问题探讨

用正交试验法优选氰化物分析的主要测试条件，试验、讨论影响测定结果精确度的关键因素及其作用规律，并对存在的各种技术问题提出探讨意见。     

用有限变形弹塑性有限元法对金属塑性成形工艺的分析和优化

从成形工艺优化、模具设计以及产品缺陷分析等角度出发,对线材通过锥形模的拉拔成形过程进行了详尽的有限元模拟.在有限变形弹塑性有限元程序的编制中我们采用了纠正的拉格朗日列式和基于变形梯度张量弹塑性乘法分解的超弹性—塑性本构关系,并用罚函数法处理了单测接触与摩擦问题,通过与实验结果的比较表明,有限元预测结果是可靠的,它将为线材拉拔成形工艺的计算机辅助设计提供重要的依据.     

苏州河6支流截污工程的优化调整

苏州河6交流截污工程是苏州河环境综合整治一期工程中最重要的治水工程之一。在工程进一步设计与实施过程中，根据多次污染源调查的结果，提出了按水系截污、沿河截污与区域截污相结合、雨水泵站旱流污水截污的3项原则，对苏州河6交流截污工程进行了优化调整，使截污效果得到大幅度的提高。实际纳管污染源数量由原计划的820个增加到2977个，实际截除污水量由原计划的6．8万m^3／d增加到26万m^3／d，6交流区域的截污率由22％提高到85％以上，6条主要交流的平均污水截除率接近70％，其他一些主要交流污水截除率也达到90％以上。     

基于MARC系统的V型砧角度优化

针对目前塑性加工参数优化研究中,有限元分析方法效率低,可靠性差,通用性不强等现状,将国际上著名的大型通用非线性有限元软件MARC与先进的非线性约束优化问题的解法——改进的约束变尺度算法相结合,开发了一个可用于塑性加工参数优化的软件,并应用于轴类大锻件拔长工艺的V型砧形状角度优化.优化结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了该系统的可靠性.它还表明改进的约束变尺度算法具有较高的计算效率,可以搜索到工程全局最优解.文中所提出的曲线V型砧对圆形坯料具有较好的孔洞闭合效果.本系统的开发为塑性加工参数优化的研究开辟了一个新思路.     

城市固体废物优化管理模型及管理成本影响因素研究

采用不确定性多目标动态优化模型,以优化环境和经济为目标,对中国佛山市固体废物管理进行规划.结果表明,该模型能大幅度降低固体废物管理与处理成本,节省财政支出.研究得出影响固体废物总处理费用的3个重要影响因素为产生量、回收量、处理容量.针对以上3个因素深入分析比较,提出了广义和狭义的综合处理技术,这是经济、环保、可行的技术策略:首先,将广义综合处理应用到实际中,采用分类回收、压缩收集、优化模型对废物进行合理配置,尽量降低经济成本和环境影响;其次,从狭义角度出发,采用多种技术组合,达到处理率高、资源化程度高、环境影响小的目的.     

Why do Varroa mites invade worker brood cells of the honey bee despite lower reproductive success?

Varroa jacobsoni reproduces both in drone and worker brood cells of honey bees, but in drone cells reproductive success is higher than in worker cells. A simple model using clonal population growth as a fitness measure has been developed to study the circumstances under which specialization on drone brood would be a better strategy than reproduction in both types of cell. For European Apis mellifera, the model suggests that if mites have to wait less than 7 days on average before they can invade a drone cell, specialization on drone brood would be a better strategy. This is close to the estimated waiting time of 6 days. Hence, small differences in reproductive success in drone and worker cells and in the rate of mortality may determine whether specialization on drone brood will be promoted or not. In European A. mellifera colonies, Varroa mites invade both drone and worker cells, but specialization on drone brood cells seems to occur to some extent because drone cells are more frequently invaded than worker cells. In the parasite-host association of V. jacobsoni with African or Africanized A. mellifera or with A. cerana, the mites also invade both drone and worker cells, but the mites specialize on drone brood for reproduction since a large percentage of the mites in worker brood do not reproduce. Only in the parasite-host association of Euvarroa sinhai, a mite closely resembling V. jacobsoni, and A. forea is specialization complete, because these mites only invade drone brood.     

Multi-objective design optimization of sustainable commercial a-ircraft: performance and costs

The present work deals with a multi-objective optimisation approach to incorporate up-to-date financial models in the multidisciplinary conceptual design of a commercial aircraft. Design optimisations based on financial objective functions are compared to standard performance-based optimal solutions. The main novelty is in the extension of the financial models to the long-term investments of a wider group of stakeholders. The rationale underlying this research stems from two considerations: (i) the environmentally sustainable development of the air transportation system in the next 20 years is subordinate to breakthrough technologies, since the consolidated ones have reached their saturation point; (ii) the economic impacts of highly innovative concepts on the stakeholders chain is still uncertain. The problem is addressed at the conceptual design level and the analysis is performed within a comprehensive multidisciplinary framework, adopting all the technical constraints required in aeronautical design. The Pareto fronts obtained using performance and financial merit factors, reveal that the proposed financial model yields highly efficient, technically sound concepts. The design space point corresponding to the negative cash flows minimum turned out to be very close to the one corresponding to minimum acoustic emissions, confirming that the financial model drives the optimiser towards environment-friendly designs.     

Comparison of Two Spatial Optimization Techniques: A Framework to Solve Multiobjective Land Use Distribution Problems

Two spatial optimization approaches, developed from the opposing perspectives of ecological economics and landscape planning and aimed at the definition of new distributions of farming systems and of land use elements, are compared and integrated into a general framework. The first approach, applied to a small river catchment in southwestern France, uses SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and a weighted goal programming model in combination with a geographical information system (GIS) for the determination of optimal farming system patterns, based on selected objective functions to minimize deviations from the goals of reducing nitrogen and maintaining income. The second approach, demonstrated in a suburban landscape near Leipzig, Germany, defines a GIS-based predictive habitat model for the search of unfragmented regions suitable for hare populations (Lepus europaeus), followed by compromise optimization with the aim of planning a new habitat structure distribution for the hare. The multifunctional problem is solved by the integration of the three landscape functions (“production of cereals,” “resistance to soil erosion by water,” and “landscape water retention”). Through the comparison, we propose a framework for the definition of optimal land use patterns based on optimization techniques. The framework includes the main aspects to solve land use distribution problems with the aim of finding the optimal or best land use decisions. It integrates indicators, goals of spatial developments and stakeholders, including weighting, and model tools for the prediction of objective functions and risk assessments. Methodological limits of the uncertainty of data and model outcomes are stressed. The framework clarifies the use of optimization techniques in spatial planning.