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991.
Zijuan Lan Bin Zhang Xiaofeng Huang Qiao Zhu Jinfeng Yuan Liwu Zeng Min Hu Lingyan He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):277-284
Haze in China is primarily caused by high pollution of atmospheric fine particulates (PM2.5). However, the detailed source structures of PM2.5 light extinction have not been well established, especially for the roles of various organic aerosols, which makes haze management lack specified targets. This study obtained the mass concentrations of the chemical compositions and the light extinction coefficients of fine particles in the winter in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, using high time resolution aerosol observation instruments. We combined the positive matrix factor (PMF) analysis model of organic aerosols and the multiple linear regression method to establish a quantitative relationship model between the main chemical components, in particular the different sources of organic aerosols and the extinction coefficients of fine particles with a high goodness of fit (R2 = 0.953). The results show that the contribution rates of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and black carbon (BC) were 48.1%, 20.7%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the contribution of the secondary aerosols is much higher than that of the primary aerosols (79.4% versus 20.6%) and are a major factor in the visibility decline. BBOA is found to have a high visibility destroying potential, with a high mass extinction coefficient, and was the largest contributor during some high pollution periods. A more detailed analysis indicates that the contribution of the enhanced absorption caused by BC mixing state was approximately 37.7% of the total particle absorption and should not be neglected. 相似文献
992.
Spatial and historical distribution of organic phosphorus driven by environment conditions in lake sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The chemistry of sedimentary organic phosphorus (OP) and its fraction distribution in sediments are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as terrestrial inputs and runoffs. The linkage of OP with environmental conditions was analyzed on the basis of OP spatial and historical distributions in lake sediments. The redundancy analysis and OP spatial distribution results suggested that both NaOH-OP (OP extracted by NaOH) and Re-OP (residual OP) in surface sediments from the selected 13 lakes reflected the gradient effects of environmental conditions and the autochthonous and/or allochthonous inputs driven by latitude zonality in China. The lake level and salinity of Lake Hulun and the runoff and precipitation of its drainage basin were reconstructed on the basis of the geochemistry index. This work showed that a gradient in weather conditions presented by the latitude zonality in China impacts the OP accumulation through multiple drivers and in many ways. The drivers are mainly precipitation and temperature, governing organic matter (OM) production, degradation rate and transportation in the watershed. Over a long temporal dimension (4000 years), the vertical distributions of Re-OP and NaOH-OP based on a dated sediment profile from HLH were largely regulated by the autochthonous and/or allochthonous inputs, which depended on the environmental and climate conditions and anthropogenic activities in the drainage basin. This work provides useful environmental geochemistry information to understand the inherent linkage of OP fractionation with environmental conditions and lake evolution. 相似文献
993.
To understand the adsorption behavior of endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) is important for enhancing the treatment performance and preventing potential secondary pollution caused by EDCs desorption in a microfiltration system. The dynamic adsorption of four representative EDCs, namely estriol(E3), 17β-estradiol(E2), 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE2), and 4-nonylphenol(4-NP) in a microfiltration system was investigated using the Thomas' model.The product of the equilibrium constant and the total adsorption capacity of the membrane,Ka, for E3, E2, EE2, and 4-NP were 4.91, 9.78, 15.6, and 826, respectively, strongly correlating with the compound octanol–water partition coefficient(KOW). Adsorption appeared to be enhanced when organic fouling formed on the surface of membrane, indicating the role of an additional adsorption column for EDCs acted by a fouling layer in microfiltration. Results of a comparison between the Ka values for clean membrane and fouled membrane illustrated that the significant contribution made by fouling layers may be attributed to the foulant layer's hydrophobicity(in the case of calcium humate layer) and thickness(in the case of calcium alginate layer). This study provided a novel perspective to quantitatively analyze the dynamic adsorption behavior of trace pollutants in membrane process. 相似文献
994.
土壤作物系统镉污染及其防治研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
选择我国北方主要粮食作物冬小麦和夏谷进行盆栽试验,研究了土壤镉污染对作物生长发育和产量的影响及泥炭、羊粪两种不同类型的有机肥缓减土壤镉污染危害的作用;分析了镉在两种作物不同器官中的迁移效率和累积规律;认为施加有机肥是缓减土壤镉污染危害的有效措施,且施羊粪的效果比施泥炭好。 相似文献
995.
Sylvie Tambutté Eric Tambutté Didier Zoccola Natacha Caminiti Severine Lotto Aurélie Moya Denis Allemand Jess Adkins 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):71-83
In zooxanthellate corals, the photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide and the precipitation of CaCO3 are intimately linked both spatially and temporally making it difficult to study carbon transport mechanisms involved in each
pathway. When studying Tubastrea aurea, a coral devoid of zooxanthellae, we can focus on carbon transport mechanisms involved only in the calcification process.
We performed this study to characterize T. aurea carbonic anhydrase and to determine its role in the calcification process. We have shown that inhibition of tissular carbonic
anhydrase activity affects the calcification rate. We have measured the activity of this enzyme both in the tissues and in
the organix matrix extracted from the skeleton. Our results indicate that organic matrix proteins, which are synthesized by
the calcifying tissues, are not only structural proteins, but they also play a crucial catalytic role by eliminating the kinetic
barrier to interconversion of inorganic carbon at the calcification site. By immunochemistry we have demonstrated the presence
of a protein both in the tissues and in the organic matrix, which shares common features with prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases. 相似文献
996.
Herbert?L.?FredricksonEmail author John?Furey Jeffrey?W.?Talley Margaret?Richmond 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(2):77-81
U.S. laws require that contaminant bioaccumulation potential be evaluated before dredged material can be recycled. Simple fugacity models, e.g. organic contaminant aqueous partition coefficient (K
oc)-derived theoretical bioaccumulation potential, are commonly used to estimate the partitioning of hydrophobic organic contaminants between sediment organic matter and organism lipid. K
oc-derived models, with or without the addition of a soot carbon term, did not accurately or consistently predict total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls partitioning of eight sediments from ongoing dredging operations onto C18-coated filter paper. These models also failed to predict the partitioning of individual PAHs from these eight sediments. These data underscore the trade-offs between the ease of using simple models and the uncertainty of predicted partitioning values. 相似文献
997.
S.?HeimEmail author J.?Schwarzbauer A.?Kronimus R.?Littke A.?Hembrock-Heger 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(3):169-173
Organic-geochemical investigations were performed on layers of a dated sediment core taken from a riparian wetland of the Lippe river, Germany. The samples were collected from two distinct depth intervals representing sedimentation periods of 1944–1952 and 1972–1984, respectively. Comprehensive screening analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed a complex mixture of anthropogenic contaminants. Here, we report the quantitative distribution of selected persistent lipophilic organic substances characterizing municipal as well as industrial emissions. Considering both geochemical and geochronological data, we deduced time-dependent information about industrial production and domestic effluents for the region investigated. In addition, usage and subsequent emission of characteristic pollutants into the riverine system were interpreted for both time periods monitored. 相似文献
998.
固相萃取法提取净化生物检材中三类农药的实验研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本文以常见的六种有机磷类、四种氨基甲酸脂类和五种拟种虫菊酯类农药为对象,研究了用国产GDX-403或C18固相小柱同时提取净化环境样品和生物检材中三种类型的农药,分别采用GC/FPD,GC/NPD和GC/ECD三种特征性气相色谱法进行分析鉴定,为系统分析有机农药提供了一套快速、简便的固相提取方法。 相似文献
999.
Monofunctionalized cyclodextrin polymers for the removal of organic pollutants from water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. B. Mamba R. W. Krause T. J. Malefetse E. N. Nxumalo 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(2):79-84
Water is an important resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational purposes. The quality of water is however
significantly deteriorating due to the accumulation of organic pollutants in aqueous systems. Conventional water treatment
technologies fail to remove these contaminants to desirable levels. Recent studies have revealed that cyclodextrin nanoporous
polymers are capable of absorbing pollutants from water to parts per billion levels. We have demonstrated that functionalised
cyclodextrin polymers have enhanced absorption capacities for some organic pollutants. Here we report the synthesis of several
insoluble monosubstituted cyclodextrin polymers or “nanosponges”. We show that these polymers have improved abilities in the
absorption of p-nitrophenol and pentachlorophenol from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
1000.
Organochlorine compounds in a three-step terrestrial food chain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concentrations of 15 organochlorine chemicals (PCBs and pesticides) were studied in a Central European oak wood food chain system: Great tit (Parus major), caterpillars (Tortrix viridana, Operophtera brumata, Erannis defoliaria), and oak-leaves (Quercus robur). Juvenile tits receive organochlorines from the mother via egg transfer and, eventually to a greater extent, from the caterpillar food source during nestling period. The concentrations of PCB 153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl, the most abundant in this study) was found in leaf material at ca. 1 ng/g, in caterpillars 10 ng/g, and in bird eggs 170 ng/g on an average and on a dry mass basis. 相似文献