西气东输工程湿陷性黄土塬坡地生态型水工保护研究

西气东输工程靖边-临汾段的黄土地区地形破碎,黄土以粉粒为主,结构疏松,黄土易于完全崩解,浸水后粒状架空结构体系迅速崩解,其抗冲蚀能力极差。本地区降水多为暴雨,强降雨形成的洪水来势猛、历时短,导致黄土塬坡地受水力侵蚀强烈且集中。工程项目区的生态环境脆弱,一旦植被遭到破坏,就可能造成生态系统的破坏。根据西气东输工程和区域的实际情况,进行了生态型水工保护工艺的现场试验研究。试验结果表明,该工艺完全可以达到传统水工保护工艺对黄土塬坡地处理所能达到的强度及效果,并且在管线及水工保护施工完成后将使生态基本得到恢复。     

污水深度处理及回收利用的可行性分析

大庆炼化公司从单一化工污水深度处理及回收利用发展为炼油、化工、生活污水统一处理和回用于循环水,既充分利用了现有污水处理场的处理余量,同时由于生活污水中含有比例适当的微生物需要的营养物质,对炼油和化工污水起到补充和稀释作用。这种处理方法既降低了工业污水对污水处理场的冲击,又起到了稳定水质的作用。     

地理信息系统与海上溢油模型集成研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)技术与溢油模型进行集成,其优点是能发挥GIS在模型参数获取、空间数据分析与管理、模拟结果可视化等方面的优势,使整个溢油建模过程更为便捷。文中介绍了GIS与溢油模型集成的概念,分析了GIS技术在海上溢油模型中的应用实例,给出了一种GIS与溢油模型的紧密集成方案,讨论了两者集成的发展趋势。     

"平退"工程与洞庭湖区湿地生态保护

从考察洞庭湖湿地生态特征入手,探讨了"平退"工程对洞庭湖区湿地生态环境的影响,认为通过"平退"防洪标准较低或影响江湖行蓄洪水的洲滩民垸以扩大江湖槽蓄来提高江湖调蓄洪水的能力,"平退"工程不但不会破坏湖区湿地生态环境,反而会使湖洲草滩及候鸟等越冬环境得到稳定和改善.同时,提出了保护洞庭湖湿地的相关对策.     

Coastal Zone Problems and Environmental Strategies to be Implemented at Edremit Bay, Turkey

This case study examines the coastal zone problems focusing on the existing conflicts between tourism and commercial activities on the coasts of Edremit Bay, Turkey, and attempts to suggest solutions to these problems. Edremit Bay is a characteristic example of such a conflict in collective use of natural resources. The study area, with its 100-km-long sandy beach, naturally attracts different coastal user groups with different beneficial expectations: in terms of rest and recreation for one group and commercial gain offered in a variety of ways for another group. Significant coastal zone problems exist in the study area. Deterioration of shoreline due to tourism activities and illegal constructions, damage to the coastal ecosystem due to domestic/industrial wastewater discharges and some agricultural activities, and disordered urbanization are only a few of the many problems. The data presented here were partly derived from field study and partly collected from local state or private organizations. In this study, it is emphasized that there is a need for viable economic and environmental strategies to be designated in Edremit Bay, Turkey, in order to provide sustainable resource use. For this purpose, an integrated project together with a relevant planning chart including subprojects is also suggested. The success of a local environmental protection management project depends on active participation of all stakeholders including governmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations.     

含氰废水的脱氮处理

大庆石化公司炼油厂丙烯腈装置所排出的有机和无机含氮化合物,大部分经生化作用转化为氨氮,而水体中过多的氨氮对人和生物有毒害作用。为此,对原装置进行了全面改造,改造后的工艺为“前置反硝化生物脱氮工艺”。废水中的氮化合物通过通过硝化、反硝化作用被转化为对人体无害的分子氮(N2)逸出大气。试验结果表明:改造前,排出水中氨氮合格率为零;改造后,排出水中的氨氮合格率为95%以上。     

实施清洁生产 打造绿色工程

西气东输管道工程是连接我国东、西部地区经济发展的能源纽带,是推动我国社会经济持续发展的重要基础设施项目。石油管道局在施工中,针对农田、水利设施、河流流域、山区丘陵等自然地貌以及林场、戈壁滩、自然保护区与文物保护等的需要,严格按照科学化、程序化和规范化的管理标准,实施了环保施工,把西气东输工程建成一项“绿色工程”,取得了显著成效。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收中公众参与的有效性分析

对公众参与在建设项目竣工环境保护验收中的作用、特点作了简单介绍,对影响公众参与有效性的因素作了初步分析,结合实际工作中的经验,对提高建设项目竣工环境保护验收中公众参与有效性因素进行了分析,对存在的问题提出了建议和意见。     

ECONOMICS OF CONTROLLING NATURAL SALT SOURCES IN THE ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The methodology underlying, and the estimates incorporated in the Corps of Engineers' economic evaluation of the Arkansas River Basin Chloride Control Project are evaluated and judged deficient in several ways. An improperly specified alternative cost analysis probably results in overestimates of the total regional demand for water, the demand for Arkansas River Water, and the cost-savings realized with the project in place. The quantitative effect of these errors is not determined. However, other adjustments are identified which are evaluated using the Corps' data. These adjustments reduce B/C from 2.64 to 0.57; principally as a result of corrections for over-estimates of cost-savings in steam-electric generation, and for use of improper discounting procedures and gross output-earnings ratios.     

CASA DEL AGUA: A RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSERVATION AND REUSE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN TUCSON,ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: A typical single family residence in Tucson, Arizona, was retrofitted to incorporate low-water-use fixtures and water reuse systems. The use of municipal water was reduced by 53 percent to 53 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) and total water use at the home was reduced by 33 percent to 74 gpcd.