石化工业区域厂址环境评估

石化工业区域厂址环境评估是区域环境评价的一个重要分支。文章简要介绍了厂址环境评估（ＥＳＡ）的基本类型、工作程序和实施方法,并结合实例探讨了石化工业区域厂址环境评估。     

室内空气污染调查

为了解室内空气污染状况,广州市环境监测中心站对刚装修不久的10套私人居室和5家单位办公室的室内空气进行了监测。结果表明,甲醛、苯、NH3、NOx浓度超标,最高超标倍数分别为：甲醛22.0倍,苯3.01倍,NH3 2.58倍,NOx0.30倍。指出,这些污染物主要来源于装修材料和建筑材料,会对人体健康造成危害。提出,为防止室内空气污染,应从源头抓起,装修时尽量选用低毒或无毒的材料,装修后的居室或办公室要保持通风,以降低室内污染物浓度,进驻前请有关权威部门进行监测评估。另外可在室内摆放绿色植物,以吸附一些有毒化合物。     

不明水质污染事故排查案例分析

南京市六合区通江河发生大面积水质变浑浊现象,污染来源不明,直接进入长江,威胁下游饮用水安全。通过不断调整污染筛查方案,最终锁定污染因子及污染源头,为有效应对措施提供了科学准确的监测数据。通过此次事故得到启示,因为环境事故的复杂性,对监测人员的综合分析判断能力提出了新的更高的要求。     

镇江地区土壤样品中重金属Cd含量与空间分布

通过对镇江地区土壤样品中 Cd 监测结果统计分析表明,全市69个样品中 Cd 质量比范围为0．06 mg/kg ～1．37 mg/kg,均值为0．23 mg/kg,与全国背景值相比,有一定程度富集;样品中 Cd 质量比成偏态分布,相对标准偏差较大。选用单项污染指数法对 Cd污染程度评价表明,镇江地区83％的土壤样品未受到 Cd 污染,14％为轻度污染,3％为中度污染。结合镇江地区的产业结构分析,电镀行业是土壤 Cd 污染的主要来源,道路运输、农药化肥在一定程度上也加重了污染。     

Optimal monitoring and management of a water storage

The aim is to fill a water storage with potable water of a given quality, for subsequent treatment and distribution to a water conveying system. During a given period, a set of several pumping stations is working to deliver water from different sources at different locations. A multi-stage control process is considered whereby the total pumping time is divided into short sampling intervals. The intensity of pumping as a function of time is the control variable. It is assumed that there exists a reliable forecast of every pollutant as a function of time and water source. The amount of the pollutants are constrained in the final mass of water in the storage. The mass of water at the end of the operation period should be maximized. A linear programming (LP) model of the problem is described, and an algorithm of the reduction of its dimensionality is presented. An illustrative example is shown. A short conference version of this paper has been presented at 14th IEEE Mediterranean Conference on Control Automation, June 28–30 2006, Polytechnical University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.     

天津城郊土壤中PAHs含量特征及来源解析

以天津市郊环城四区为研究对象,系统采集了环城四区95个表层土壤样品,利用高效液相色谱仪对16种PAHs进行分析测定,结果表明,西青、东丽、津南和北辰土壤中16种PAHs的总量范围分别为62.6～1 994.9、36.1～4 074.7、20.1～2 502.5、22.1～707.7μg/kg;平均含量分别为445.8、841.8、509.5、242.5μg/kg。四区中都以高环多环芳烃为主,西青、东丽、北辰和津南高环多环芳烃分别占多环芳烃总比例的45.4%、42.2%、38.8%和38.7%。空间分析的结果表明,靠近天津市市区样点土壤中多环芳烃的含量要明显高于远离市区土壤中多环芳烃的含量。利用环数PAHs的相对丰度和比值法对天津市郊环城四区土壤中多环芳烃的污染来源进行了解析,研究区土壤监测样点的PAHs主要来自燃烧源,少部分来自石油类来源或几种污染源的共同复合累加的作用。     

南京市重点污染源对城区空气质量的影响

在基本掌握南京市各类污染源排放状况的基础上,运用南京市空气质量数值预报系统,对2005年1月南京市一次较为典型的天气条件形成的污染过程的数值模拟,计算分析了重污染发生时重点污染源对城区主要空气污染物质量浓度分布的贡献作用。结果表明,南京市城北工业区与主城区毗邻,而且污染物排放量较大,在冬季主导风向为东北风时对主城区污染物的质量浓度值具有显著的贡献。     

广东鹤山地区夏季大气中PAN污染特征

2012年8月6日-19日,广东大气超级监测站对广东鹤山地区大气中过氧乙酰基硝酸酯（以下简称：PAN）进行了观测,并对影响其值变化的因素进行了分析。结果表明,PAN的最高值达到了4．654×10-9,存在一定程度的光化学污染现象。 PAN日变化呈典型单峰型,最高值通常出现在14：00-16：00,这与O3的日变化规律基本一致。此外,PAN值的变化与NO和NO2存在一定的相关性,PAN峰值均出现在NO与NO2比值较低的时段。     

水环境污染事件中苯胺的测定与方法选择

针对苯胺泄露污染事故,应急监测中采用分光光度法、液相色谱法（紫外检测、荧光检测）、便携式气相色谱一质谱法、速测管法等5种方法测定苯胺,对这5种方法的分析时间、精密度、准确度和检出限等效能进行比较,并比对其测定结果.试验表明,5种方法各具优势和不足,实际应用中选择方法时需考虑方法的适用性.     

Status of heavy metals in agricultural soils as affected by different patterns of land use

This study was conducted to determine status of heavy metals in agricultural soils under different patterns of land use. A total of 38, 40 and 45 soil samples for bare vegetable field, greenhouse vegetable field, and grain crop field were respectively taken from surface layer (0–20 cm) from selected experimental areas away from suburbs of ten counties (or districts or cities) in four provinces or municipalities of Huabei plain in north China. Information of crop production history, including varieties, rotation systems and fertilizer use, at the corresponding sampling sites was surveyed. Soil total Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg were measured. The results showed that the contents of total Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, and Hg in the soil samples, especially soil total Cu and Zn contents, were higher in the bare vegetable field and the greenhouse vegetable field than that in the grain crop field. Long-term use of excessive chemical fertilizers and organic manures in the bare vegetable field and the greenhouse vegetable field contributed to the accumulation of Cu, Zn, and other heavy metals in the soils. The contents of total Cu, Zn, and other heavy metals in soils increased with increasing vegetable production history of the research areas. In comparison with the grain crop field, the comprehensive pollution indices of the seven soil heavy metals and the single-factor pollution indices of soil Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Hg based on the second criterion of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils were significantly higher in the bare vegetable field and the greenhouse vegetable field. Soils from the greenhouse vegetable field were slightly contaminated according to the comprehensive pollution index, and soils from the bare vegetable field and the grain crop field were at the warning heavy metal pollution level. The soils were contaminated with Cd according to the single-factor pollution index. The Cd pollution was relatively more serious in the bare vegetable field and the greenhouse vegetable field than that in the grain crop field. The soils selected with different land use patterns were not contaminated with Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As and Hg.