法国核电规划对江苏发展核电的几点启示

通过调研法国的核电规划、核电厂址的布局和核安全监督管理等工作,比较了法国和江苏在电力需求、区域特点、核电厂址分布等特点,在总结法国核电的发展历程对于江苏核电的规划发展值得借鉴的经验基础上,提出了江苏在建设滨海核电站的基础上新建滨河等内陆核电站需要注意的问题和对策.     

行政区突发环境事件风险评估在环境管理中的应用

结合文献调研以及江苏省试点区(县)工作开展情况,从区域环境风险源布局规划、地方环境应急管理、应急资源优化配置、区域突发环境事件应急预案编制等方面对行政区突发环境事件风险评估在环境管理中的应用进行探讨。指出了行政区突发环境事件风险评估工作面临的问题,提出,在统一评估标准的基础上,结合区域环境风险特征及试点地区工作经验,不断优化完善指标体系,补充各地先进做法,制定符合本行政区实际情况的区域突发环境事件风险评估技术指南。     

广州经济技术开发区西区环境区域影响评价的回顾

目前国内对环境影响评价的回顾评价还较少,本文通过对广州经济技术开发区的西区污染现状的调查与资料收集、现场监测与评估,对广州经济技术开发区的西区环境区域回顾评价进行了探索。     

中国环境与发展国际合作委员会2014年年会圆满闭幕

为期3天的中国环境与发展国际合作委员会（以下简称“国合会”）2014年年会在完成各项议题后于今日圆满闭幕。环境保护部部长、国合会中方执行副主席周生贤出席闭幕式并作总结讲话。 今年《中国绿色转型进程评估与展望》研究报告，深入分析了经济发展与环境保护的关系，研究了如何利用经济政策和经济手段来推动绿色转型、解决环境问题的思路和对策，强调从根本上解决环境问题，必须在调整经济结构上求突破，在转变生产方式上下功夫，在改进消费模式上促变革。《生态文明建设背景下的环境保护制度体系创新》研究报告，立足推进生态环境治理体系现代化这一目标，回答了解决一些重要热点问题的思路，如环境保护的社会治理、生态环境保护管理体制改革和环境管理战略转型等，对加强环境保护具有很强的现实意义。《基于生态文明理念的城镇化发展模式与制度》研究报告，针对中国城镇化面临的形势和问题，倡导绿色交通、土地集约利用、文化遗产保护、人与周边环境和谐相处。《生态保护红线制度创新》研究报告，强调划定生态保护红线并加强红线区域管理，是解决生态环境问题的重要举措，强调尽快划定保护区域，把良好生态系统保护起来。《大气污染防治行动计划绩效评估与区域协调机制》研究报告，从建立《大气十条》绩效评估指标与方法体系、“十三五”与2030年大气污染防治目标、强化区域大气污染防治协调机制等三方面，对加强信息共享、监测预警、执法监督、重污染天气应对等方面联动，提出了十分有益的政策建议。《政府环境审计制度》研究报告，呼吁建立完善的政府和领导环境审计制度，推动中国环境审计的规范化、法制化。     

南京经济区域城市可持续发展的环境保护

城市社会经济的持续发展推动着城市环境建设与生态良性循环的维护。简述了南京经济区域的环境状况,揭示了该区域的主要环境问题,分析了环境目标的可达性,提出了加强区域环境保护的主要对策。     

长三角空气质量区域预报准确性评估方法研究

根据长三角空气质量区域预报工作的实际需要,对分区文字预报和落区图预报两种方式分别制定了不同的空气质量指数级别预报准确性评估方法。分区文字预报根据设定的预报准确性判定方法计算预报评分,落区图预报按区域内预报准确城市占比进行准确率统计。分区文字预报结果显示,2017年长三角区域的预报准确天数占比为62.2%,预报评分为70.2,区域预报评估效果良好。落区图预报评估结果显示,预报级别偏差具有地域性差异,安徽北部、江苏北部和江西中北部预报等级偏高,长三角中南部沿海城市预报等级偏低。该套评估方法可为区域空气质量预报偏差成因分析提供依据,为区域预报工作的改进提供定量参考。     

利用TM影像监测和评价大亚湾温排水热污染

水热污染一直是环保工作中一个关注焦点,在对水热污染的日常环境监测中,往往存在测量不方便、区域评估不准等问题。如何充分利用遥感技术便捷、大范围、动态等特点对水热污染进行有效地监测和环境评价是本研究的重点。文章利用多个时相的TM数据热红外波段影像,对广州大亚湾核电站温排水水域进行了水温的反演,有效地对核电站温排水强度、扩散范围和环境影响进行了评价。研究证明,遥感技术能够有效地完成水热污染的监测和环境影响评估。     

环境污染损害评估个案分析及对策建议

国内环境污染损害评估工作刚刚起步，科学评估环境污染损害数额成为亟需解决的问题。在分析国内环境污染损害赔偿现状的基础上，简述了开展污染损害评估的必要性。结合具体案例阐述了环境污染损害评估的计算方法，提出开展环境污染损害评估工作的建议及措施，包括建立高效的环境污染应急处置机制，开展预防为主的企业清洁生产审核验收和企业环境风险评价，建立终身责任追究、产权责任追究和连带责任追究制度等。     

中国北方农牧交错带2000—2010年生态环境状况分析

北方农牧交错带是中国生态环境的一条过渡带,也是中国重要的生态安全屏障带,生态环境脆弱,具有明显的不稳定性和敏感性。以中国北方农牧交错带为研究对象,构建了反映区域生态生产力、功能支撑力、制约因子和胁迫因子的农牧交错带生态环境状况评估体系,利用多源遥感数据、土地生态数据、环境数据、气象数据等多源信息综合评估2000—2010年间该地区生态质量状况及变化趋势。根据Linear Regression和K-means cluster分析表明,该区域生态环境质量以"一般"为主,10年间生态环境质量呈现整体"稳中变好"的特征,"良"和"一般"呈增加趋势,16个县生态功能改善,18个县生态生产力呈恢复状态,16个县土地退化程度降低。水分条件和环境负荷是影响农牧交错带的主要限制和胁迫因子,局部地区存在显著生态风险。     

主体功能区环境政策导向研究

环境政策是主体功能区区域政策的重要组成部分，从环境准入政策、环境管理政策和环境经济政策3个方面研究提出了不同主体功能区域的环境政策导向，以推动主体功能区分类别环境政策框架体系的形成。     

Site environmental assessment to an old paint factory in China

High ethyl-benzene and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were found in the soil samples and groundwater samples during a site environmental assessment for an old paint factory in the city Changchun, Jilin province of China. The target old paint plant had been in operation for near 30 years by manufacturing resin and house paint. Driving force for this study was to identify potential environmental contamination existing in this paint factory which is located next to a new resident area under construction. The assessment result would be used as baseline environmental data input for remediation plan when the factory site will be changed into potential resident area in near future. The analytical data from the soil samples from different area of the factory which had high exposure to operation showed that solid waster storage area was contaminated with high heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) and waster paint storage areas were contaminated with ethyl-benzene, xylene and C9-C30 aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. The analytical data from the groundwater samples from different area of the factory showed that resin plant area and waster paint storage areas were contaminated with high concentration of naphthalene, ethyl-benzene and xylene which exceed the reference standard. Remediation action is recommended.     

浅析建设项目“三同时”验收监测“大负荷”与“小负荷”的把握

对现有的以"大负荷"为衡量指标的"三同时"验收监测生产负荷考核思路进行了介绍。列举监测实例,说明验收监测只单一考核全厂生产"大负荷"不关注各工段"小负荷"对验收结果的影响,并提出了解决措施。     

Surfer软件和AutoCAD在污染场地调查及风险评估中的应用

在场地调查和风险评估报告中需要描述污染物分布和确定土壤修复区域和范围，目前对此无统一的技术要求，不同案例使用的技术方法不同。今提出将 Surfer软件和 AutoCAD结合使用生成等值线图件，以及据此确定污染土壤修复范围的方法，并基于某搬迁化工厂初步土壤调查及风险评估的案例介绍了操作步骤。旨在介绍2个专业软件联用的新功能的开发和使用技巧，为编制场地调查和风险评估报告提供一种便捷、易操作的工作方法。     

DDT residue in soil and water in and around abandoned DDT manufacturing factory

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) belongs to one of the most hazardous groups of chemicals called persistent organic pollutants. Many organochlorine pesticides including p,p(')-DDT are long lasting due to their non-degradability can travel to distant places and being fat soluble can accumulate in animals and human bodies. Due to the persistent nature of p,p(')-DDT, its adverse environmental and health impacts, the present study was undertaken to examine the residual p,p(')-DDT in and around abandoned p,p(')-DDT manufacturing factory in Amman Gharh, Nowshera, NWFP. Samples of soil, sediments and water were collected in and around the factory area, nearby p,p(')-DDT stores, main factory drain leading to river Kabul and nearby villages. Standard procedures were used for the collection, transportation and storage of samples for analyses. Extraction of each sample for p,p(')-DDT analyses was carried out in triplicates using Soxhelt extraction. p,p(')-DDT contents in the samples were analyzed by capillary GC with electron capture detector. Most of the samples collected up to half kilometer distance from the site of the DDT factory were found contaminated. Further the level of p,p(')-DDT decreased with increasing depth from top to bottom and with distance from the site. The results indicate that there is no immediate threat to underground water reservoirs.     

燃煤电厂建设项目环境监理实践与探析

简述了燃煤电厂项目工程特点与环境监理现状,结合燃煤电厂环境监理工作的实践,主要归纳总结了对燃煤电厂建设项目施工阶段环境监理的主要内容和方法,并提出了深刻领会环评及其批复要求的精神实质,编写好环境监理方案和环境监理实施细则；全面细化环评报告书及其批复提出的要求,逐一核实实施情况；不断深化环境监理的内容,确保各项环保措施落实到位,保证各类环保设施运行效果的建议.     

某农药厂周边空气毒死蜱污染状况及健康风险评价

为了研究某农药厂毒死蜱生产对周围人群产生的潜在健康风险,在农药厂周围村庄设置采样点,采用大流量大气采样器采集大气样本,索式提取/气相色谱法分析毒死蜱浓度。结果表明,大气气溶胶中毒死蜱的质量浓度为0.2~189 ng/m3,大气颗粒物中毒死蜱浓度较低,质量浓度为ND~3.50 ng/m3。基于美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价方法计算结果表明,大气毒死蜱暴露对于儿童和成人的非致癌风险控制在EPA推荐的可接受风险水平。     

Environmental quality assessment combining sediment metal levels, biomarkers and macrobenthic communities: application to the óbidos coastal lagoon (Portugal)

Macroinvertebrate benthic communities are one of the key biological components considered for the assessment of benthic integrity in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). However, under moderate contamination scenarios, the assessment of macrobenthic alterations at community level alone could be insufficient to discriminate the environmental quality of coastal and transitional waters. Keeping this in view, sediment quality of moderately contaminated sites in a coastal lagoon (óbidos lagoon, Portugal) was assessed by the combination of sediment metal levels, Carcinus maenas biomarkers (accumulated metals and oxidative stress responses) and macrobenthic communities. Two sites were selected in confined inner branches (BS and BB) and a third one in the middle lagoon (ML). The site BB presented slightly higher levels of metals in sediment but biological variables calculated for macrobenthic data were not significantly different between sites. The biotic index M-AMBI that is being applied to assess environmental quality of transitional waters in the scope of the WFD pointed either to high (site ML) or good quality status (BS and BB) in the selected sites. However, crabs from BB site presented significantly higher levels of Ni in hepatopancreas than those from ML and macrobenthic community structure was significantly different between BB and ML. Additionally, spatial differences were obtained for oxidative stress parameters suggesting that BB site presented stressors for crabs (higher GST and lower GSH_t at BB site). Factor analysis (PCA) integrating sediment contamination, biomarkers in crabs and macrobenthic data also distinguished BB site as the most environmentally disturbed. On the other hand, at ML site, some macrobenthic variables (equitability and polychaetes’ diversity) were found to be enhanced by current environmental conditions, suggesting the existence of a better sediment quality. Current results pointed to the usefulness of integrating macrobenthic community alterations with responses at organism level (bioaccumulation and biochemical endpoints) in order to increase the accuracy of environmental quality assessment in lagoon systems. Moreover, the application of different statistical methods was also found to be recommendable.     

River pollution remediation monitored by optical and infrared high-resolution satellite images

The Bormida River Basin, located in the northwestern region of Italy, has been strongly contaminated by the ACNA chemical factory. This factory was in operation from 1892 to 1998, and contamination from the factory has had deleterious consequences on the water quality, agriculture, natural ecosystems and human health. Attempts have been made to remediate the site. The aims of this study were to use high-resolution satellite images combined with a classical remote sensing methodology to monitor vegetation conditions along the Bormida River, both upstream and downstream of the ACNA chemical factory site, and to compare the results obtained at different times before and after the remediation process. The trends of the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) along the riverbanks are used to assess the effect of water pollution on vegetation. NDVI and EVI values show that the contamination produced by the ACNA factory had less severe effects in the year 2007, when most of the remediation activities were concluded, than in 2006 and 2003. In 2007, the contamination effects were noticeable up to 6 km downstream of the factory, whereas in 2003 and 2006 the influence range was up to about 12 km downstream of the factory. The results of this study show the effectiveness of remediation activities that have been taking place in this area. In addition, the comparison between NDVI and EVI shows that the EVI is more suitable to characterise the vegetation health and can be considered an additional tool to assess vegetation health and to monitor restoration activities.     

制订我国污染场地土壤风险筛选值的几点建议

近年来,我国大中城市陆续开展污染企业搬迁,环境管理上要求对搬迁场地进行商业开发前必须开展场地环境调查、风险评估和修复,客观上要求有一套场地环境评价标准和污染土壤修复标准.针对目前国内污染场地标准缺失及盲目引用国外相关筛选值出现的误区,分析了美国、荷兰和英国土壤筛选值差异的主要原因,为合理借鉴国外土壤筛选值及其制定方法学...     

Application of data envelopment analysis in environmental impact assessment of a coal washing plant: A new sustainable approach

The main problem of traditional methods of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is that in most of the existing algorithms and methods, such as Leopold, Folchi and RIAM, the main attention is to the destructive effects of the proposed plan, and the advantages of the industrial project are less noticeable. This has led to a permanent challenge between environmental organizations and industrial stakeholders. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a new approach of assessing the industrial units. Besides, it considers the positive economic and social impacts of the project and provides a comprehensive assessment of the industrial unit. With this approach, the environmental impacts of an industrial unit have been considered as “inputs” and its positive economic and social impacts considered as the “outputs” of the DEA models. Therefore, the problem of impact assessment changes into a DEA model. In the present study, the Alborz Sharghi Coal washing plant in northern Iran has been considered as a case study for implementing the DEA-EIA approach, and 19 plant activities and 11 environmental components have been used to evaluate the environmental effects of the plant. To solve the EIA problem, two commonly used DEA approaches, called CRS (constant returns to scale) and VRS (variable returns to scale), have been used. The DEA results identified the critical environmental components of the plant that should be considered seriously. Also, drawing the “potential improvement” diagram in the DEA method is an effective tool for determining the high risk activities of the factory and applying them in development plans. Besides, using the VRS model with maximize-output approach showed that some of the plant activities had the most differences with optimal mode and these components should be considered in future development plans. Finally, it can be concluded that, assessing the environmental impacts of the mineral industries with VRS maximize-output approach, is closer to the concept of sustainable development and cost-benefit analysis.