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101.
采用以假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.C27为阳极优势菌属的微生物燃料电池(MFC)为研究对象,重点考察了进水中的硝酸盐浓度对于MFC系统产电及污染物去除的影响.实验结果表明,硝酸盐对于MFC的库仑效率(CE)影响较大,当硝酸盐浓度为250 mg·L~(-1)时,其电压下降段库仑效率仅为0.17%,而阳极未加入硝酸盐时,库仑效率为9.3%.当阳极初始硝酸盐浓度由0 mg·L~(-1)增加到250 mg·L~(-1)时,系统的传荷内阻由16.3Ω下降至11.2Ω,输出电压经短暂的电压下降后迅速回升至稳定,其稳定阶段输出电压与未受抑制阶段基本持平,最大输出功率可达到120 m W·m~(-2)左右.当硝酸盐浓度大于300 mg·L~(-1)时,硝酸盐对阳极微生物产电活性造成不可逆的抑制作用,系统产电能力大幅度下降且无法恢复至未受抑制阶段.可见,阳极生物反硝化过程对阳极生物产电具有电子竞争作用,过高的硝酸盐浓度会造成阳极生物膜产电性能降低甚至完全丧失. 相似文献
102.
研究以单元素标准膜为基础,结合NIST SRM 2783颗粒物滤膜标准样品,建立了波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法测定PM2.5中23种无机元素的测定方法,优化了测试条件,测量一个样品耗时约15 min,计算了各元素的方法检出限。对NIST SRM 2783滤膜标准品在一周内重复测定10次来计算方法的准确度与精密度,测定结果显示大多数元素的测量值在给出的参考值范围内,且测量标准偏差一般在10%以内。对比了石英与聚四氟乙烯材质(Teflon)滤膜的空白值,石英滤膜中Si、Fe、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca等元素的背景值较高,Teflon滤膜的背景值较低,推荐选用Teflon滤膜作为PM2.5组分分析采样滤膜。分别用波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法及酸消解-ICP-MS法测定了样品膜中的元素组分,得到的测定结果基本一致。 相似文献
103.
从暴露于污染物蒽的鲤肝脏中提取出芳香烃受体,并采用紫外可见分光光度计进行最大吸收波长扫描,再通过离子交换层析法分离纯化鲤体内的芳香烃受体,并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对受体进行鉴定,最后通过傅里叶变换红外光谱探讨芳香烃受体与蒽结合后的结构变化.结果表明,提取的芳香烃受体在280 nm处有特征吸收峰,测得质量浓度为27.3 mg/mL.通过离子交换层析法纯化了单一组分的受体蛋白质,其相对分子质量约为110 kD.测定了芳香烃受体的红外光谱,与蒽结合后其在一定波段的谱峰发生了明显位移,表明污染物配体蒽能与芳香烃受体结合,并对其蛋白二级结构产生明显影响. 相似文献
104.
R.A. Ligero J. VidalM.J. Meléndez M. HamaniM. Casas-Ruiz 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
A previous study on seabed sediments of the Bay of Cadiz (SW of Spain) enabled us to identify several relations between sedimentological variables and activity concentrations of environmental radionuclides such as 137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. In this paper the study has been extended to a large neighbouring inter-tidal area in order to establish if the above mentioned models can be generalized. As a result we have determined that the measured activity concentrations are closely to the values predicted by the theoretical models (correlation coefficient range = 0.85–0.93). 相似文献
105.
Jonathan W. Peterson Theresa A. O'Meara Wei Wang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1849-1856
Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate sorption mechanisms of cephapirin (CHP), a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz (SiO2) and feldspar (KAlSi3O8) at different pH. Sorption occurs by electrostatic attraction, monodentate and bidentate complexation. The zwitterion (CHPo) adsorbs to a quartz(+) surface by electrostatic attraction of the carboxylate anion group (-COO−) at low pH, but adsorbs to a quartz(−) surface through electrostatic attraction of the pyridinium cation, and possibly COO− bridge complexes, at higher pH. CHP− bonds to quartz(−) surfaces by bidentate complexation between one oxygen of -COO− and oxygen from carbonyl of an acetoxymethyl group. On a feldspar(+/−) surface, CHPo forms monodentate complexes between CO, and possible -COO− bridges and/or electrostatic attachments to localized edge (hydr)oxy-Al surfaces. CHP− adsorbs to feldspar(−) through monodentate CO complexation. Similar mechanisms may operate for other cephalosporins. Results demonstrate, for the first time, that Raman techniques can be effective for evaluating sorption mechanisms of antibiotics. 相似文献
106.
Ateba P. Owono 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(9):692-699
This paper describes a quantitative radioactivity analysis method especially suitable for environmental samples with low-level activity. The method, consisting of a multi-group approximation based on total absorption and Compton spectra of gamma rays, is coherently formalized and a computer algorithm thereof designed to analyze low-level activity NaI(Tl) gamma ray spectra of environmental samples. Milk powder from 1988 was used as the example case. Included is a special analysis on the uncertainty estimation. Gamma sensitiveness is defined and numerically evaluated. The results reproduced the calibration data well, attesting to the reliability of the method. The special analysis shows that the uncertainty of the assessed activity is tied to that of the calibration activity data. More than 77% of measured 1461-keV photons of 40K were counted in the range of clearly lower energies. Pile-up of single line photons (137Cs) looks negligible compared to that of a two-line cascade (134Cs). The detection limit varies with radionuclide and spectrum region and is related to the gamma sensitiveness of the detection system. The best detection limit always lies in a spectrum region holding a line of the radionuclide and the highest sensitiveness. The most radioactive milk powder sample showed a activity concentration of 21 ± 1 Bq g−1for 137Cs, 323 ± 13 Bq g−1 for 40K and no 134Cs. 相似文献
107.
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109.
Somsubhra Chakraborty Bhabani S. Das Md. Nasim Ali Bin Li M.C. Sarathjith K. Majumdar D.P. Ray 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(3):623-631
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using visible near-infrared (VisNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) as an easy, inexpensive, and rapid method to predict compost enzymatic activity, which traditionally measured by fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA-HR) assay. Compost samples representative of five different compost facilities were scanned by DRS, and the raw reflectance spectra were preprocessed using seven spectral transformations for predicting compost FDA-HR with six multivariate algorithms. Although principal component analysis for all spectral pretreatments satisfactorily identified the clusters by compost types, it could not separate different FDA contents. Furthermore, the artificial neural network multilayer perceptron (residual prediction deviation = 3.2, validation r2 = 0.91 and RMSE = 13.38 μg g?1 h?1) outperformed other multivariate models to capture the highly non-linear relationships between compost enzymatic activity and VisNIR reflectance spectra after Savitzky–Golay first derivative pretreatment. This work demonstrates the efficiency of VisNIR DRS for predicting compost enzymatic as well as microbial activity. 相似文献
110.