多孔矿物-聚磷酸铵对甲烷爆炸的协同抑制研究

为探究新型多孔矿物(MTS)-聚磷酸铵(APP)复合粉体对甲烷-空气预混气爆炸的抑制效果,采用20 L球形爆炸装置开展多孔矿物、APP及其复合粉体在不同组成、不同添加浓度条件下的甲烷爆炸抑制试验,并使用热分析仪研究其热解行为。研究结果表明:当粉体添加量为0.100 g/L,多孔矿物与APP质量组成比为1∶3时,复合粉体对甲烷爆炸的协同抑制效果最显著,各爆炸参数均得到弱化;复合粉体对甲烷的协同抑爆机制包括物理及化学抑制,多孔矿物的复杂结构能增强其对自由基的捕获,多孔矿物和APP先后发生热分解反应可持续吸收热量,分解产物具有稀释、冷却及隔离效应,并能消耗燃烧反应中的自由基。     

综合利用石墨化废旧辅料的新方法

炭素石墨制品生产过程中产生的石墨化废旧辅料,在炭素行业是最有开发潜力的固体废物。通过初加工可实现回收利用,经研制开发新产品可实现综合利用。该综合利用方法表明,在实现综合利用中可获得大的经济效益和可观的社会效益。      

Sediment-based investigation of naturally or historically eutrophic lakes -- implications for lake management

Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive will call for new lake monitoring and management strategies. Therefore, different methods need to be tested in order to achieve reliable assessment of lake background conditions and water quality. Sediment-based techniques provide one such tool for lake management. In this work, 10 lakes, presumed to be naturally eutrophic, were investigated with a paleolimnological short core study. The aim of the study was to examine the composition of the diatom assemblages in their natural state, estimate their change over time and assess the background nutrient levels. One sediment profile from each lake was divided into six sub-samples that were analyzed for diatoms (60 samples). Diatom-based inference models were applied to reconstruct the past total phosphorus concentration and assess the eutrophication. The results indicated that all the lakes studied had already been nutrient-rich before the impact of modern agriculture. However, diatom assemblages have changed remarkably over time and total phosphorus concentrations have generally increased, so at present only two of the study lakes are close to their natural status. This suggests that naturally eutrophic lakes will probably require management actions to fulfill the new directive requirements in the future.     

人工湿地植物炭基材料特性及铁碳微电解填料制备

以人工湿地中典型植物为原料制备了不同条件下的炭基材料,并对其产率和结构特性进行了分析;同时考察了铁碳质量比、膨润土配比和焙烧温度对铁碳微电解填料除磷和化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)性能的影响,优化了植物基铁碳微电解填料的最佳配比和制备条件.结果表明:炭基材料主要由C、H、O和N四种元...     

多孔填充材料的防火防爆机理及应用

在液化气体、燃料储罐内填充多孔材料,可有效地减少或避免储罐发生爆炸事故.本文分析了这类材料的防爆机理并简要介绍了其应用情况.     

石棉尾矿水热合成建筑材料的研究

对利用石棉尾矿水热合成建筑材料进行了研究。结果表明,石棉尾矿预处理的最佳温度为９５０℃,石棉尾矿９０％,ＭＡ和ＮＢ各５％材料的性能较好。     

常用金属材料表面积冰仿真分析及试验验证

目的 通过实验室模拟不同环境条件的降雨试验,研究金属材料表面的积冰行为。方法 基于数值仿真分析,选择适合积冰的放置方法,针对金属材料开展降雨环境模拟试验。以水温、环境温度、试件温度、喷淋高度、试件厚度为基本参数,分析实验室模拟降雨环境下不同金属材料表面的积冰程度。结果 仿真分析可以得到理想状态的理论分析结果。当水温为5℃,环境温度为–1.5、–3℃时,在高度3、4 m喷淋30 min后,除10 mm厚度7075铝合金外,被试材料积冰均难以达到6 mm。当水温不变,环境温度为–6℃时,在高度3、4 m喷淋30 min后,部分被试材料达到6 mm积冰。当试验环境温度不变而水温降低时,水温与积冰呈较明显的递增趋势。在其他试验条件相同的情况下,环境温度为–9℃时,所有被试材料积冰均达到6 mm以上。结论 调整各项试验环境参数可控制金属材料表面的积冰程度。在相同水温、喷淋高度和材料厚度的条件下,随着环境温度的降低,积冰增加,4 m喷淋高度的积冰优于3 m喷淋高度。可将试验数据与理论分析数据相融合,使用理论分析结果进行方向预测,利用环境模拟试验数据对其进行修正。     

激光表面处理对工业级锆基块体非晶合金弯曲变形和缺口韧性的影响

目的 改善块体非晶合金的弯曲力学性能,同时考虑航空结构材料选材的经济性,研究激光表面处理工艺对工业级Zr_49.7Ti₂Cu_37.8Al₁₀Er_0.5块体非晶合金弯曲变形和缺口韧性的影响规律。方法 采用低纯原料和低真空制备条件获得工业级Zr_49.7Ti₂Cu_37.8Al₁₀Er_0.5块体非晶合金试样,考虑到弯曲条件下试样受到拉伸和压缩2种正应力状态,研究不同处理工艺和激光处理表面对试样弯曲变形和缺口韧性的影响。结果 当激光处理表面位于弯曲试样的2个侧表面时,其对试样的塑性变形能力和断裂强度没有明显的影响,但会显著降低试样的缺口韧性,从(56.4±3.4)MPa·m^1/2降低到(26.2±4.8)MPa·m^1/2;激光处理表面位于弯曲试样的受拉侧时,试样的弯曲断裂强度从2 150 MPa降低到1 800 MPa;当激光处理表面位于...     

金属材料实验室加速腐蚀环境谱等效加速关系的确定方法

目的 解决现有实验室加速环境谱等效加速关系确定方法的不足。方法 提出一种针对航空金属材料实验室加速腐蚀环境谱与实际大气间等效关系的“双桥连接式”快速确定方法。结果 该方法以金属材料在腐蚀环境下的质量损失情况作为腐蚀当量,通过基于“环境因素加权浓缩”的方法编制实验室加速环境谱、基于“电量（电流）等效桥”获得实际大气环境长年累积腐蚀电量、基于“质量损失等效桥”确定等效加速关系3个步骤,计算获得了实际大气长年监测数据对应的材料累积腐蚀电荷量和腐蚀质量损失大小。通过将金属材料在实际大气下和实验室加速环境下的腐蚀质量损失速率相比,获得了金属材料的等效加速关系。结论 该方法能够有效克服现有研究中由于缺少实地长时间大气暴晒件,以及当量参数选取不当引入误差,导致无法获取实验室加速腐蚀环境谱和实际大气环境间等效加速关系（或当量加速关系）的不足,为金属材料实验室加速腐蚀试验提供了方法支撑。     

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine running on biodiesel: a review

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine, also known as low heat rejection (LHR) engine have offered the promise of reducing heat rejection to the engine coolant and increase the combustion temperature which results in increase of thermal efficiency, decrease of fuel consumption and emission rate of the engine. Biodiesel derived from the vegetable oils are a promising alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The viscosity of vegetable oil after transestrification is still higher than that of diesel fuel. The various researchers have reported that the energy of the biodiesel could be released more efficiently with the concept of LHR engine. In the case of LHR engine running on different biodiesel blends, almost all experimental studies has predicted improved performance. This paper analyses and discussed the operating conditions under which the experimental studies are carried out and the factors which affect thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions in LHR engine.